Suchergebnisse

Abortion complication syndemics : structural stigma, pathologized pregnancies, and health consequences of constrained care / by Bayla Ostrach & Roula AbiSamra -- The syndemic of endometriosis, stress and stigma / by Véronique A.S. Griffith -- Pathologized bodies, embodied stress, and deleterious birth outcomes : iatrogenic effects of teen pregnancy stigma / by Courtney L. Everson & Bayla Ostrach -- The multiple stigmas of the PDI syndemic : poverty, "racial"/ethnic discrimination, incarceration, and reproductive and familial risk / by Erickson -- Sickness in the detention system : syndemics of mental distress, malnutrition, and immigration stigma in the United States / by Carney -- Stigma syndemic among people with intellectual disability who have been incarcerated / by Claudio... [et al.] -- Stigma as a driving force in the basic causes of malnutrition-related syndemics in Guatemala / by Elaine M. Bennett -- "Toothless maw-maw can't eat no more" : stigma and synergies of dental disease, diabetes, and psychosocial stress among low-income rural Appalachians / by Raskin

Use of the syndemics concept has diffused from medical anthropology to an array of health‐related disciplines. This development reflects a growing awareness that diseases and disease sufferers do not exist in a vacuum and that many of the most damaging human epidemics are the possible or probable consequence, not of a single disease acting alone but of several diseases acting in tandem. Syndemics offer a useful conceptual framework for the study of global health inequality. As work guided by a syndemics perspective is conducted on a range of diseases and in diverse regions of the world, the practical health implications of this approach are beginning to unfold.

To date in Cyprus, there is no dedicated "Quality Improvement" body or Public Health authority. The long-awaited general healthcare system (known as GeSy or GHS) has been completed, mid-stream of the COVID-19 pandemic. A recently proposed resilience plan in response to the lessons learnt from the pandemic was put forward by the Government of the Republic of Cyprus to strengthen the capacity of the GHS and support public health defense. The negotiator of GeSy and Health Minister 2015–2018 also provided his view that the health system needs a holistic transformation of service provision. Recognizing failures and thinking from a syndemogenesis perspective how the envisioned patient-centric healthcare delivery can be achieved, we propose that the public health response could also be linked to a politico-economic one in shielding GeSy. We make such case for a syndemic strategy (simultaneous management of COVID-19 and pre-existing epidemics on the island) and the development of the five-district model where each main district hospital is to complement the activities of the GHS through developing: 1. A training Center for training and sharing of best practices for COVID-19 and other public emergencies. 2. A public health body. 3. A quality improvement institute. 4. A commissioning center on planning and streamlining healthcare services. 5. A clinical trial platform. The rationale is based on the management literature and use of existing resources and capabilities for transforming the GeSy and generating value. ; peer-reviewed

Tropical disease syndemics, the adverse morbidity‐enhancing interaction of two or more neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), like the diseases that comprise them, have been largely unrecognized and generally neglected. However, their role in contributing to the health burden of the poor is significant. This paper presents syndemics as a new theoretical perspective with which to develop a comprehensive approach to understand and respond to the health consequences of adverse interactions among NTDS and between NTDs and other diseases. Specifically the paper examines local social factors and macro‐level political economic factors that are both the ultimate source and ultimate arbiter of public and medical responses to syndemics of NTDs.

Conventional approaches for the prevention and control of communicable diseases within Indigenous contexts may benefit from new insights arising from the growing interest in syndemics. Syndemics is a term used to describe a conceptual framework for understanding diseases or health conditions, and how these are exacerbated by the social, economic, environmental and political milieu in which a population is immersed. The use of conventional approaches for outbreak prevention and control remains the bedrock of intervention in the field of communicable diseases; yet on their own, these strategies are not always successful, especially within contexts of marginalization and disadvantage. A broader approach is needed; one that examines the systemic factors involved, understands how various policies and systems support or hinder effective responses and identifies the structural changes needed to create more supportive environments and increase the resilience of the population. In an Indigenous context, whether the focus is on hepatitis C, tuberculosis, HIV or water-borne diseases, it is important to recognize that a) social determinants contribute to the emergence and persistence of outbreaks, b) conventional approaches to communicable disease control are necessary but not sufficient, and c) using a "syndemics lens" can leverage action at multiple levels to tackle the root causes of poor health and inform more effective strategies for improving Indigenous health and reducing health inequities.

The Covid-19 pandemic is more than a health crisis. It has worse outcomes among individuals with co-morbidities, has exposed fault lines in our societies, and amplified existing inequalities. This article draws on emerging evidence from low- and middle-income contexts to highlight how Covid-19 becomes syndemic when it interacts with local vulnerabilities. A syndemic approach provides a frame for understanding how Covid-19 is amplified when clustered with other diseases and how this clustering is facilitated by contextual and social factors that create adverse conditions. Public health responses to Covid-19 have also exacerbated these adverse conditions as many face social and economic crises as a result of some policies. These multiple challenges generate major implications for both the public health response and for broader development action: first, one size does not fit all and we must attend to local vulnerabilities; second, short-term public health response and longer-term development approaches must be integrated for improved intersectoral coordination and synergy. A synergised public health and development response will allow us to better prepare for the next pandemic.

In this review, we trace the origins and dissemination of syndemics, a concept developed within critical medical anthropology that rapidly diffused to other fields. The goal is to provide a review of the literature, with a focus on key debates. After a brief discussion of the nature and significance of syndemic theory and its applications, we trace the history and development of the syndemic framework within anthropology and the contributions of anthropologists who use it. We also look beyond anthropology to the adoption and use of syndemics in other health-related disciplines, including biomedicine, nursing, public health, and psychology, and discuss controversies in syndemics, particularly the perception that existing syndemics research focuses on methodologies at the individual level rather than at the population level and fails to provide evidence of synergistic interactions. Finally, we discuss emerging syndemics research on COVID-19 and provide an overview of the application of syndemics research.

Syndemics play a substantial role in shaping the disease burdens of populations, especially in times of war. It is estimated that in the 20th century, sixty‐two million civilians suffered war‐related deaths, in addition to forty‐five million combatant deaths. Many of these casualties were due to disease rather than battlefield injuries. Through a review and analysis of interdisciplinary literature on war and health, and using case studies of several wars from different periods of history, we argue that war is a disruptive biosocial process that sets in motion interactions between diseases and other conditions that increase war‐related morbidity and mortality.

AbstractThe rapid increase of fatal opioid overdoses over the past two decades is a major U.S. public health problem, especially in non‐metropolitan communities. The crisis has transitioned from pharmaceuticals to illicit synthetic opioids and street mixtures, especially in urban areas. Using latent profile analysis, we classify n = 3,079 counties into distinct classes using CDC fatal overdose rates for specific opioids in 2002–2004, 2008–2012, and 2014–2016. We identify three distinct epidemics (prescription opioids, heroin, and prescription‐synthetic opioid mixtures) and one syndemic involving all opioids. We find that prescription‐related epidemic counties, whether rural or urban, have been "left behind" the rest of the nation. These communities are less populated and more remote, older and mostly white, have a history of drug abuse, and are former farm and factory communities that have been in decline since the 1990s. Overdoses in these places exemplify the "deaths of despair" narrative. By contrast, heroin and opioid syndemic counties tend to be more urban, connected to interstates, ethnically diverse, and in general more economically secure. The urban opioid crisis follows the path of previous drug epidemics, affecting a disadvantaged subpopulation that has been left behind rather than the entire community. County data on opioid epidemic class membership are provided.