Suchergebnisse

With the trend of increased mechanical harvesting of sugarcane without burning, the trash emerges as a likely residue to be used as a fuel. This practice results in a large amount of material remaining in the field. As an alternative it has been used for gathering is the adoption and operation of windrowing and baling this trash after harvest. Seeking to reduce the granulometry of the trash in the primary extractor harvester, to minimize the cost of transporting the bales and the elimination of shredding process in the industry, a shredder system of the trash was designed. A shredder system was assembled on the primary extractor of harvester of chopped sugarcane, which through rotating blades, will triturate all the vegetable material that passes into the primary extractor, reducing the particle size and leaving this material deposited on the soil, to be later transformed into high density bales.

The system has shown promise in the shredding of trash, because the resulting characteristics of the trash indicated much smaller granulometry than is normally allowed by conventional harvesters.

Improvements in processing sugarcane are continuous as processors attempt to reduce costs. In addition, processors have been looking for new ways to increase revenue from processing sugarcane. New developments in technology are surveyed and the opportunities for revenue enhancement are explored.

The sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis is a major pest of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) in the Americas. The insect is partially controlled by cultural, biological, and chemical methods but still causes significant economic losses to sugarcane growers and processors. Currently, one of the most efficient strategies for pest control in other crops is the use of transgenic plants harbouring genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which encode crystalline proteins (Cry and/or Vip) with insecticidal activity, known as Bt genes/proteins. In sugarcane, the expression of individual Bt proteins has been previously reported, but not the stacking of two or more Bt proteins. In this study, Bt genes were incorporated by microprojectile bombardment into embryogenic sugarcane calli of the clones TUC 95-10 and TUC 03-12. The presence of the transgenes in 33 transgenic lines was verified by using PCR assays. Subsequently, transgenic lines were acclimated and multiplied in the greenhouse to generate vegetative material for their phenotypic and molecular assessments. The expression levels of transcripts in candidate lines were quantified by real time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) assays. In conclusion, transgenic sugarcane lines with a higher level of expression of Bt transcripts compared with the control were developed. These promising lines will be used for future phenotypic tests to determine their resistance against D. saccharalis.

This study was undertaken to identify the factors affecting sugarcane production in Pakistan. Data were collected from 387 sugarcane growers from Sindh, Punjab and NWFP province. Data were collected during the period 2007-08. The study reveals that the costs of inputs of sugarcane i.e. urea, DAP, FYM, land preparation, seed and its application, weeding and cost of irrigation were the important factors which influenced on the returns of sugarcane growers. The effectiveness was examined by using the Cobb- Douglas production function; MVP and allocative efficiency were calculated. The coefficient of multiple determinations R2 was 0.9249, which indicated that 92% variation in the cost of inputs was explained by all explanatory variables and the adjusted R2 was 92%. The F-value was 666.94 and was highly significant at 5% level of significance, indicating that the regression model was well fitted. The high prices of inputs, low price of output, delay in payments and lack of scientific knowledge were the major problems in sugarcane production. In order to enhance the productivity of sugarcane in the country, government should solve the identified problems to increase the income of sugarcane growers.

Übersicht über den Prozeß der Mechanisierung der Zuckerrohrernte in Kuba im Zeitraum 1950-1980 mit detaillierten Angaben über Auswahl und Anwendung bestimmter technologischer Verfahren auf verschiedenen Verarbeitungsstufen. Betrachtung des Verhältnisses von Planung und Implementation sowie der Kosten-Nutzen-Relation und Darstellung der erreichten Kapazitäten unter Hinweis auf die fortbestehende technologische Lücke gegenüber Erntemethoden in den Industrieländern

Recently, the use of biomass energy has been growing worldwide on an accelerated trajectory, with the prospect of staying among the main renewable energy sources for the coming decades, along with wind and solar energy. Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane on the planet and the second-largest producer of ethanol. But in addition to sugar, first-generation ethanol, and vinasse (for ferti-irrigation), other by-products and process residues from the plants (such as bagasse, filter cake, vinasse, straw, and sugarcane tip) can be used for the production of thermal and electric energies and also second-generation ethanol and biogas fuels. In this context, this paper presents the current scenario of sugarcane biomass in Brazil, discussing issues involving the use of sugar-alcohol by-products for bioenergy and biofuel production. Furthermore, a study on the reuse of sugarcane bagasse fibers for the production of eco-composite material is also presented. Finally, the concepts of biomass energy are described from a bibliographic survey and the previous experiences of the authors.

Mechanized harvesting is increasingly present in the sugarcane production system. The straw removed during harvest can be converted to ethanol or used to generate electricity by burning, it is important to determine the amount of biomass that may be removed without damage to the crop. We evaluated the agronomic performance of sugarcane, variety RB92579, grown under different quantities of sugarcane straw on the soil surface, in the first and second year of cane crop. We used the experimental randomized block in split plot design, with four replications. In the first year the plots received five quantities of straw (0, 4.5, 9.0, 13.5 and 18 Mg ha-1), and six times assessments (60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360 days after planting) arranged in the subplots. In the second year, the plots received the same quantities of straw and four times assessments (60, 120, 240 and 540 days after the regrowth) in subplots. Biometric indexes, components of production and crop yield were evaluated. The data were submitted to variance analysis and study of polynomial regression (p <0.05). Increasing quantities of sugarcane straw deposited on the soil surface reduces the number and diameter of the stem at the beginning crop establishment, and number of sheets for the first year. The maximum productivity of stems is achieved by maintaining 9,6 Mg ha-1 of straw for first year and 4,7 Mg ha-1 of straw for second year of cane crop.