Suchergebnisse

The purpose of this case study was to examine the impact that environmental activism can have on agriculture by focusing on the Florida sugar industry's reaction during the 1996 "sugar tax" amendment campaign. During the campaign, proponents and opponents of the three proposed Everglades-related amendments to the Florida Constitution spent more than $40 million to sway the public. As a result of the public relations and political campaigns, communicators from Florida agricultural industries realized that they must increase their efforts to project a positive public image

Healthy nutrition promotions and regulations have long been regarded as a tool for increasing social welfare. One of the avenues taken in the past decade is sugar consumption regulation by introducing a sugar tax. Such a tax increases the price of extensive sugar containment in products such as soft drinks. In this article we consider a typical problem of optimal regulatory policy design, where the task is to determine the sugar tax rate maximizing the social welfare. We model the problem as a sequential game represented by the three-level mathematical program. On the upper level, the government decides upon the tax rate. On the middle level, producers decide on the product pricing. On the lower level, consumers decide upon their preferences towards the products. While the general problem is computationally intractable, the problem with a few product types is polynomially solvable, even for an arbitrary number of heterogeneous consumers. This paper presents a simple, intuitive and easily implementable framework for computing optimal sugar tax in a market with a few products. This resembles the reality as the soft drinks, for instance, are typically categorized in either regular or no-sugar drinks, e.g. Coca-Cola and Coca-Cola Zero. We illustrate the algorithm using an example based on the real data and draw conclusions for a specific local market.

This report provides an assessment of the evidence for sugar taxes as a fiscal instrument to improve health. Forty-seven peer-reviewed studies and working papers published in the last five years were reviewed, summarised and assessed for key methodological issues. Experience with sugar taxes is complicated by inconsistencies in their design and context. Most sugar taxes apply to sugar-sweetened beverages, but some also include pure fruit juices or other foods with high sugar content. Some are valoric taxes while others are volumetric. Some taxes were implemented alongside other measures to improve diets or increase awareness of the danger of excess sugar consumption. Sugar taxes are also implemented in some jurisdictions as a means to raise additional tax revenue, with no particular expectation that any reduction in intake will translate into health benefits but sometimes with revenues being earmarked for health programmes.

The new sugar tax was recently announced by Government, aiming to combat obesity through investment in school sports. Dental professionals should seize this rare opportunity to raise awareness of the other adverse effects of sugar; young children continue to suffer alarmingly high rates of dental cavities in the UK. A significant amount of money raised through the levy must be reinvested into ensuring fluoride toothpaste is more affordable. Since daily use of fluoride toothpaste is the most effective evidence-based oral health preventative measure that is widely used, this should receive tax exemption status from the government as a means of universal oral health prevention. There must also be a re-investment in innovative oral health education so that the next generation of children will alter their mind set about sugar. Oral health prevention advice must be tightly integrated into general health messages.

AbstractDuckett, Swerissen and Wiltshire () advocated a 40‐cent tax per 100g of sugar in sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB), because the tax would reduce the cost burden on the non‐obese. Duckett, Swerissen and Wiltshire took these 'third‐party' costs as indices of market failure. However, their distributional analysis is not an appropriate framework for the assessment of economic efficiency. Moreover, they did not quantify the causal mechanisms through which a small weight loss would appreciably lower health costs and increase employment of the obese. There may be an economic case for such a tax, but Duckett, Swerissen and Wiltshire have not made it.

Motivation: Numerous scientific studies indicate a significant relationship between the number of sugar-sweetened beverages consumed and the problem of overweight and obesity. This, in turn, is a significant risk factor for many diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. Poland is a country where the consumption of sugar, especially in a processed form that is dangerous to health, is constantly growing. As a result, now two-thirds of the society are struggling with the problem of overweight, while obesity can be said in every fourth case, the forecasts are even more pessimistic. Recently, a fiscal policy with the use of the "sugar tax" is a popular tool to combat the growing consumption of sweetened beverages. The Polish government is also following this path, and the tax is scheduled to be in force at the beginning of 2021. Aim: The aim of the study is to analyse the impact of the sugar tax on prices and, consequently, on the future consumption of sweetened beverages and other related goods. Results: Based on the data of the Central Statistical Office concerning household expenditure in 2018, the complete demand model was estimated, considering demographic variables. As a result, the price and profit elasticities of demand for sweetened drinks and related goods were estimated. The results obtained in the study indicate that the introduction of the sugar tax will reduce the consumption of SSB, and the size of the changes depends on the analysed demographic factors. The decrease in consumption of sweetened beverages will increase the interest in beverages with a lower sugar content.

Motivation: Numerous scientific studies indicate a significant relationship between the number of sugar-sweetened beverages consumed and the problem of overweight and obesity. This, in turn, is a significant risk factor for many diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. Poland is a country where the consumption of sugar, especially in a processed form that is dangerous to health, is constantly growing. As a result, now two-thirds of the society are struggling with the problem of overweight, while obesity can be said in every fourth case, the forecasts are even more pessimistic. Recently, a fiscal policy with the use of the "sugar tax" is a popular tool to combat the growing consumption of sweetened beverages. The Polish government is also following this path, and the tax is scheduled to be in force at the beginning of 2021. Aim: The aim of the study is to analyse the impact of the sugar tax on prices and, consequently, on the future consumption of sweetened beverages and other related goods. Results: Based on the data of the Central Statistical Office concerning household expenditure in 2018, the complete demand model was estimated, considering demographic variables. As a result, the price and profit elasticities of demand for sweetened drinks and related goods were estimated. The results obtained in the study indicate that the introduction of the sugar tax will reduce the consumption of SSB, and the size of the changes depends on the analysed demographic factors. The decrease in consumption of sweetened beverages will increase the interest in beverages with a lower sugar content.

peer-reviewed ; Background. Excessive intake of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) is a preventable cause of death. While some countries have implemented a tax on SSBs, other countries, such as New Zealand, rely on industry self-regulation and individual responsibility, such as referring to labels, to control one's own sugar intake from SSBs. The present study examines whether SSB consumers consciously control their diet and therefore interventions such as better labelling might be effective, or alternatively, whether SSB consumers engage in a general pattern of unhealthy eating, and in which case government regulation would be advisable. Aim. To explore self-reported dietary consumption and conscious healthy eating behaviours of New Zealand consumers who had consumed SSBs over a 24 hour period. Method. A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 2007 New Zealanders, measuring their food and beverage intake over a 24 hour period and self-reported intentions to eat healthily. Within this was a measurement of SSB consumption in the 24 hour period. Results. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that compared to non-SSB consumers, SSB consumers were more likely to have eaten the following: confectionery; fast food; pre-prepared food; biscuits, cakes or pastries; takeaways; ice-cream/dessert. SSB consumption was also associated with a lower likelihood of referring to food labels, less conscious effort to eat healthily, and to less likely to avoid: sugar; fat; calories; food additives; pre-prepared food. SSB consumers were also less likely to have eaten breakfast, or made a meal at home made from scratch. Conclusion. SSB consumers were more likely than non-SSB consumers to demonstrate a general pattern of unhealthy eating and were less likely to report consciously controlling their diet. The findings raise significant concerns regarding the efficacy of individual and industry self-regulation and lend support to stronger government targeted interventions.