Female sterilization, or tubal ligation, is the most prevalent form of contraception in rural India. The paperwork that surrounds this procedure provides an interesting lens to investigate the state, its institutions, and their material conditions. The production and circulation of this paperwork uncover the state as an illegible and unpredictable entity that materializes in people's everyday lives through bureaucratically futile certificates. In this article, I look at sterilization paperwork as a tool to tell stories about the state and its institutions in the context of seeking and undergoing tubal ligation in a government facility in rural India.
Objectives: identifying and analyzing the socioeconomic and professional profile of nursing workers who work in a Center of Material and Sterilization Center (MSC) of a general hospital. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive and exploratory approach research, held in a MSC of a general hospital. The subjects were 34 nursing workers. It was used as a form tool, and the data obtained in the months from March to May 2013 and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee and filed with Paragraph 081.3.2012. Results: we emphasize that MSC scenario is changing, as it was found a low quantitative of readapted employees. Conclusion: it is recommended that broaden the areas of discussion of the Occupational Health and on MSC training in nursing.
French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), Montpellier, France; Insect Pest Control Unit, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria, Email: J.Bouyer@iaea.org Recently, we hypothesized that shifting the vision of the sterile male from a sexual competitor only to a specific transporter of active biocides to the targeted female might boost the impact of the sterile insect technique (SIT). In the REVOLINC (Revolutionizing Insect Control) project, we are demonstratating this concept using three biocides: Pyriproxifen, Bacillus thuringiensis and a Densovirus against the tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus). Pyriproxifen is also tested against tsetse (Glossina palpalis gambiensis) and fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata). The technology is presently tested in the laboratory and preliminary results will be presented, as well as a model predicting the relative impacts of SIT and boosted-SIT on the dynamics of the targeted populations. The next steps will be to validate the predictions in operational field trials and compare the evolutionary response of the target populations to these different control pressures (multiple lethal mutations, multiple lethal mutations + biocides, biocides alone), for the three different biocides and three demographic strategies. This will generate breakthrough knowledge on the transmission of biocides and pathogens in insects and the sustainability of genetic control, provide a new control technique for mosquitoes, and improve the cost-effectiveness of SIT in tsetse and fruit flies. We are also addressing technical issues associated to mass-rearing, sterilization, sex separation and aerial release of mosquitoes as well as regulatory issues required for releasing sterile males carrying various biocides. The methodology of the project will be presented, as well as the intermediary results. The REVOLINC project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 682387). (Texte intégral)
Biomedical pharmaceuticals, and specifically hormonal contraceptives, are often framed as tools to help women gain control over their lives through planning future offspring and being granted the ability to pursue life projects free of child-rearing concerns. In reproduction, hormonal contraceptives are one such pharmaceutical that could potentially be framed as "biohacking" by "enhancing" humans and rendering them cyborgian by suppressing "unwanted" menstruation and its associated bodily troubles. This chapter is based on ethnographic research undertaken over one year in a rural Quechua community in the province of Ayacucho, in the Peruvian Andes. In the period 1996–2000, an estimated 300,000+ Indigenous women underwent enforced sterilization in Peru as part of the national family planning program; many women did not give their consent, nor understand the permanence of the procedure.
Free-roaming dogs and rabies transmission are integrally linked across many low-income countries, and large unmanaged dog populations can be daunting to rabies control program planners. Dog population management (DPM) is a multifaceted concept that aims to improve the health and well-being of free-roaming dogs, reduce problems they may cause, and may also aim to reduce dog population size. In theory, DPM can facilitate more effective rabies control. Community engagement focused on promoting responsible dog ownership and better veterinary care could improve the health of individual animals and dog vaccination coverage, thus reducing rabies transmission. Humane DPM tools, such as sterilization, could theoretically reduce dog population turnover and size, allowing rabies vaccination coverage to be maintained more easily. However, it is important to understand local dog populations and community attitudes toward them in order to determine whether and how DPM might contribute to rabies control and which DPM tools would be most successful. In practice, there is very limited evidence of DPM tools achieving reductions in the size or turnover of dog populations in canine rabies-endemic areas. Different DPM tools are frequently used together and combined with rabies vaccinations, but full impact assessments of DPM programs are not usually available, and therefore, evaluation of tools is difficult. Surgical sterilization is the most frequently documented tool and has successfully reduced dog population size and turnover in a few low-income settings. However, DPM programs are mostly conducted in urban settings and are usually not government funded, raising concerns about their applicability in rural settings and sustainability over time. Technical demands, costs, and the time necessary to achieve population-level impacts are major barriers. Given their potential value, we urgently need more evidence of the effectiveness of DPM tools in the context of canine rabies control. Cheaper, less labor-intensive tools for dog ...
An autoclave is a device for sterilizing medical and surgical tools in hospitals and healthcare centers. The lack of electric power supply in some hospitals and rural health centers, in addition to pollution caused by fossil fuels, reinforces the need to search for other energy sources to operate the autoclave. Solar autoclaves can be utilized as an alternative choice in such circumstances. This work describes the effectiveness of the solar-powered autoclave, which is used for wet sterilization. The device is designed from a parabolic dish reflector covered with mirrors that reflect solar radiation toward the center of a focus for heating a vessel. It was found that the highest value of the average energy efficiency was 19 % and the average exergy efficiency was 2 % at 9:00 am and the lowest value of the average energy efficiency was 1.5% and the average exergy efficiency was 0.4 % at 12:00 noon. The effectiveness was tested against (pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, where the highest values of steam temperatures for sterilization were recorded between 121 °C to 122 °C. It was also found that the sterilization efficiency was 100 % under steam pressure of 1.18 bar for every 30 minutes of the sterilization cycle for the periods 11:00 am to 11:30 am, 11:30 am to 12:00 noon, and 12:00 noon to 12:30 pm).
Free-roaming dogs and rabies transmission are integrally linked across many low-income countries, and large unmanaged dog populations can be daunting to rabies control program planners. Dog population management (DPM) is a multifaceted concept that aims to improve the health and well-being of free-roaming dogs, reduce problems they may cause, and may also aim to reduce dog population size. In theory, DPM can facilitate more effective rabies control. Community engagement focused on promoting responsible dog ownership and better veterinary care could improve the health of individual animals and dog vaccination coverage, thus reducing rabies transmission. Humane DPM tools, such as sterilization, could theoretically reduce dog population turnover and size, allowing rabies vaccination coverage to be maintained more easily. However, it is important to understand local dog populations and community attitudes toward them in order to determine whether and how DPM might contribute to rabies control and which DPM tools would be most successful. In practice, there is very limited evidence of DPM tools achieving reductions in the size or turnover of dog populations in canine rabies-endemic areas. Different DPM tools are frequently used together and combined with rabies vaccinations, but full impact assessments of DPM programs are not usually available, and therefore, evaluation of tools is difficult. Surgical sterilization is the most frequently documented tool and has successfully reduced dog population size and turnover in a few low-income settings. However, DPM programs are mostly conducted in urban settings and are usually not government funded, raising concerns about their applicability in rural settings and sustainability over time. Technical demands, costs, and the time necessary to achieve population-level impacts are major barriers. Given their potential value, we urgently need more evidence of the effectiveness of DPM tools in the context of canine rabies control. Cheaper, less labor-intensive tools for dog ...
Free-roaming dogs are a worldwide problem, with Chile having some of the highest human-to-dog ratios in the world. In 2017, Law 21.020 was promulgated and the federal government developed a national responsible pet ownership program. The objectives of this article are to describe and discuss the dog-related components of the program, to design a tool for determining human-to-dog ratios in Chile, and to make recommendations to managers to improve the program outcomes. The overarching goal of the program was to mitigate the conflict between humans and dogs, but many of the interventions were animal-focused and the indicators did not consider the perception of the Chilean public. Using human density data and known dog populations, we found that as the human density increased, there were fewer dogs per person. Veterinary services and sterilizations were the mainstay of the program and were offered for free to citizens. Education was offered to all ages through public events, as well as municipality and organization activities. The identification of dogs was obligatory for dog owners. Enforcement was not included in the program. The recommendations are to conduct preintervention baseline data collections and to tailor interventions and indicators appropriately; to use dog population size estimates determined at the local level rather than a country-wide estimate; to replace free veterinary services with low-cost sterilization campaigns; to create sustainable plans for education; and to create enforcement teams in communities.
The ethical and social dilemmas associated with abortion, sterilization, assisted reproduction, genetics, death and dying, and biomedical research have led many to turn to the legal system for solutions. Roger B. Dworkin argues that resort to law is often misguided and overlooks the limitations of legal institutions. He carefully explores constitutional adjudication, legislation, common law, and administrative law as tools for responding to rapid change in biology and medicine, explains how these approaches actually deal with the social issues discussed, and offers suggestions for more limited and effective use of the legal system in the area of bioethics.
Part science and part social movement, eugenics emerged in the late nineteenth century as a tool for human improvement. In response to perceived threats of criminality, moral degeneration, feeble-mindedness, and "the rising tide of color," eugenic laws and social policies aimed to better the human race by regulating reproductive choice through science and technology. In this book, Rob Wilson examines eugenic thought and practice--from forced sterilization to prenatal screening--drawing on his experience working with eugenics survivors.? Using the social sciences' standpoint theory as a framework to understand the intersection of eugenics, disability, social inclusiveness, and human variation, Wilson focuses on those who have lived through a eugenic past and those confronted by the legacy of eugenic thinking today.? By doing so, he brings eugenics from the distant past to the ongoing present.?Wilson discusses such topics as the conceptualization of eugenic traits; the formulation of laws regulating immigration and marriage and requiring sexual sterilization; the depiction of the targets of eugenics as "subhuman";?the systematic construction of a concept of normality; the eugenic logic in prenatal screening and contemporary bioethics; and the incorporation of eugenics and disability into standpoint theory.?Individual purchasers of this book will receive free access to the documentary?Surviving Eugenics, available at EugenicsArchive.ca/film
I am primarily concerned with the evidence that California led the nation in performing more than 20,000 compulsory sterilizations from 1909-1979 – this is more than 1/3 of all documented sterilizations in the United States. The history, taught in primary education classes and displayed on California's website for teachers, students, and researchers, does not tell the story of Nazi scientists following and working alongside California eugenicists or how prevalent eugenics was within dominant ideas of economics, politics, and social policy during the early twentieth century. Instead, this period is described as "Progressivism," and the ties with Nazi Germany are almost erased from public knowledge. It is precisely during the heyday of Eugenics that the first women's facility is built in Tehachapi, when we see a shift from the pathogized woman to the criminalized one, and therefore eugenics should be included in a critical analysis of the prison industrial complex. Today, not only can California claim the highest incarceration rates in the nation, but two of the largest women's facilities in the world are directly across the street from one another in Chowchilla. I argue that this accepted leadership should not only be something we are ashamed of, but that this history should be at the forefront of public memory and critiques of imprisonment, in order for contemporary racist forms of genocide to come to a halt. Looking at the parallels between the history of Eugenics and the upsurge of women's facilities here in California exposes the intricate connections between their histories and their continued ideologies. Before demonstrating how prisons have become so naturalized within our society, I want to unpack how using Eugenics as a theoretical approach can be a tool to deconstruct its legacies within contemporary imprisonment.
ABSTRAKCovid-19 yang melanda dunia mengakibatkan pemerintah mengeluarkan peraturan patuhi protokol kesehatan yang salah satunya adalah menjaga kebersihan dengan mencuci tangan. Menjaga kebersihan adalah hal wajib yang harus selalu dilakukan oleh siapapun dan kapanpun. Salah satunya adalah menjaga kebersihan tangan, pasalnya tangan adalah bagian tubuh yang sangat rentan dengan mudah menjadi tempat bersarangnya virus, dan bakteri. Tangan sebagai organ tubuh yang sering kali berinteraksi, menyentuh dan dapat menjadi media penyebaran kuman, virus serta bakteri yang berbahaya. Cara yang dapat dilakukan masyarakat dengan menggunakan cairan hand sanitizer sebagai alat sterilisasi tangan agar terhindar dari wabah virus corona yang mematikan. Cairan hand sanitizer yang dibuat dari bahan alami yang ada dilingkungan tempat tinggal masyarakat, mudah didapat, lebih murah dan efektif. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan petunjuk pembuatan cairan hand sanitizer bagi masyarakat desa Dille sekaligus memanfaatkan bahan tradisional dalam pembuatannya. Bahan yang digunahkan adalah daun siri, jeruk nipis, lidah buaya, kemangi dan ketimun. Semua bahan yang disediakan dihaluskan, diperas diambil airnya kemudian dicampurkan. Setelah proses pembuatan dilakukan kemudian dikemas dalam botol dengan tiga varian rasa yaitu rasa timangi (campuran kemangi dan timun), rasa silibar (campuran daun siri dan lidah buaya), rasa jeriya (campuran jeruk nipis dan lidah buaya).Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan sekaligus prantikum pada masyarakat desa Dille sejumlah 16 orang. Hasil evaluasi dari kelompok PKM adalah para peserta penyuluhan bisa mempraktekan dan menularkan kepada tetangga dan keluarga tentang cara pembuatan hand sanitizer untuk kesehatan Persentase keberhasilan baik softskil maupun hardskil mencapai 90% dan dari nilai ekonomisnya mencapai 100%, karena mereka menggunakan bahan alam dan botol bekas tanpa hasur membeli. Kata kunci: hand sanitizer; bahan alami; antiseptik ABSTRACTThe Covid-19 that hit the world has forced the government to issue regulations to comply with health protocols, one of which is maintaining cleanliness by washing hands. Maintaining cleanliness is a mandatory thing that must be done by anyone at any time. One of them is maintaining hand hygiene, because hands are a very vulnerable part of the body that easily becomes a nesting place for viruses and bacteria. Hands as organs of the body that often interact, touch and can be a medium for the spread of germs, viruses and harmful bacteria. The way that people can do is use hand sanitizer liquid as a hand sterilization tool to avoid the deadly corona virus outbreak. Hand sanitizer liquid made from natural ingredients that exist in the community's living environment, is easy to obtain, cheaper and effective. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide instructions for making hand sanitizer liquid for the people of Dille village while utilizing traditional materials in its manufacture. The ingredients used are siri leaves, lime, aloe vera, basil and cucumber. All the ingredients provided are mashed, squeezed, the water is taken and then mixed. After the manufacturing process is carried out, it is packaged in bottles with three flavors, namely timangi flavor (a mixture of basil and cucumber), silibar flavor (a mixture of siri leaves and aloe vera), jeriya flavor (a mixture of lime and aloe vera). The method used is counseling as well as practicum to the 16 people of Dille village community. The results of the evaluation from the PKM group were that the counseling participants could practice and transmit to their neighbors and family about how to make hand sanitizers for health. The percentage of success for both soft skills and hard skills reached 90% and the economic value reached 100%, because they used natural ingredients and used bottles without hasur buy. Keywords: hand sanitizer; natural ingredients; antiseptic
Applications of design of experiments to pharmaceutical quality control / Evelin Gutierrez, José A. Rodriguez, Julian Cruz-Borbolla -- Metrology in science : health and technology / Adriana Nava Vega -- High-performance liquid chromatography as quality-control for pharmaceutical and medical industry / Angel Medina Espinoza, Hatziri Peña Peña, Teresa Rodriguez Tellez, Hector Magaña Badilla, Kenia Palomino Vizcaino -- An ergonomic perspective of software validation in the medical product manufacturing / Guadalupe Hernández-Escobedo, David Josue Armenta-Luque, Karina Cecilia Arredondo Soto, Arturo Realyvazquez Vargas -- Multi-wavelength spectrophotometric : determination of sitagliptin and metformin in tablets / Eugenia Gabriela Carrillo-Cedillo, Maria del Pilar Haro-Vazquez, Nataly Gómez-Carrillo, Ruben Guillermo Sepulveda Marques -- Cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of medical devices / Victor H. Pino-Ramos, Lucy Caterine Daza-Gómez -- Validation of the sealing machine process for surgical packs : a methodological approach / Karina Arredondo-Soto, Maria Marcela Solís-Quinteros, Marco Augusto Miranda-Ackerman -- Machine learning for healthcare : various tools and techniques of machine learning in healthcare / Jaimin Undavia, Nilaykumar Vaidya, Atul Patel, Krishna Kant Bhagat, Abhilash Shukla -- Development of pharmaceutical nanosystems and their quality control / Kenia Palomino -- Microbiological water quality : water for pharmaceutical use / Jonathan Vincent Baena, Lilia Hurtado, Idanya Serafin -- Drug-medical device combination products design and quality control / Hector Magaña.
Non-thermal plasma(Dielectric barrier discharge) has many uses including living tissue sterilization, inactivation of the bacteria, excimer formation, angiogenesis, and surface treatment. This research aim is to use cold plasma as a tool to search the effect of the dielectric barrier discharge system at room temperature on human sperm motility and DNA integrity. This work was performed on 60 human semen samples suffering from low motility; each sample was prepared by centrifugation method, then each semen sample was divided into two sections, the first section is before significant exposure to the plasma system (DBD) and the second section is after treatment with the DBD system at ambient temperature. Before and after exposure to non-thermal Plasma (DBD), DNA integrity and sperm motility were assessed, patients suffered from asthenospermia has a high level of DNA fragmentation than fertile male, ( 24.16±4.14) p<0.001 for untreated and after treatment the semen slide with dielectric barrier discharge the percentage decreases to (9.16±1.76) p>0.006, and the comet slide was (35.44±4.15) then the percentage decline to (19.86 ±2.44) these results have shown that cold plasma improves sperm motility and decreases from DNA damage in patients with medium and high level of DNA damage.
