Suchergebnisse

This innovative study of modern Turkey is the result of many years of ethnographic fieldwork and archival research. Michael Meeker combines anthropological and historical methods to examine the transition from the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic in a major region of the country, the eastern Black Sea Coast

Senior Project submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College.

Preliminary Material -- Introduction -- 1 Mehmed Akif Ersoy (1873–1936) -- 2 Şeyhülislam Musa Kazım (1858–1920) -- 3 İskilipli Mehmed Atıf (1876–1926) -- 4 Mustafa Sabri (1869–1954) -- 5 Said-i Nursi (1876–1960) -- 6 Ahmed Naim Baban (1872–1934) -- 7 Mehmed Şemseddin Günaltay (1883–1961) -- 8 İzmirli İsmail Hakkı (1868–1946) -- 9 Mehmed Ali Ayni (1868–1945) -- 10 Mehmed Seyyid Çelebizâde (1873–1925) -- 11 Said Halim Pasha (1865–1921) -- 12 Şehbenderzâde Ahmed Hilmi (1865–1914) -- 13 Elmalılı Hamdi Yaz�r (1878–1942) -- Bibliography -- Index.

Abstract
After the end of the First World War in November 1918, the Allies were involved in a military campaign in the Ottoman lands, leading to a national resistance by Turks that would end in 1923. It is relevant to provide actual information on the outcomes of the Turkish War of Independence, since it was a longlived event that paved the way for further problems on the belligerents' economies. Using unique data for the value of the gold from 1919 to 1925 at the İstanbul bourse, our analysis complements the historical arguments as historians may find political risks difficult to quantify. We observe that in 1921 the Turkish victories created expectations on the part of traders that the war could end soon, as is manifested in exchange rate fluctuations. The Turkish economy would have experienced higher financial instability with the Allies' occupation and resistance in 1920, creating a lower chance to return the pre-war gold content of the belligerents' currencies.

It is argued that the historiographical approaches prevalent in the Ottoman Empire and then in the Turkish Republic, observable in both academic and cultural production and implemented in the education system, were closely related to material transformations in politics and economics. It is further shown, however, that these relations were not of a one-way causality in either direction, but rather part of a singular whole. Debates over the construction of the past and the modernization project survive today in discussions arising from Turkey's possible candidacy for membership in the European Union.