Suchergebnisse

Delegitimization of the political system could be a strong factor leading to disruptions of the social and political order, including political violence. In order to measure the potential of this phenomenon an original measurement tool was created. The tool is based on the concept of ideal types and empirical types introduced by Max Weber and Georg Jellinek. Quantitative empirical data was provided by the Polish General Election Study (2011). Using this data, analyses of intergroup differences of selected sociodemographic and psychographic variables were carried out. The following groups emerged from the analyses: legitimizing the political system, ambivalent towards the political system, delegitimizing the political system (completely or incompletely), and several groups of moderate potential to delegitimize (for instance people rejecting democracy, but expressing satisfaction with the institutional aspects of its functioning in political practice). The gathered results confirm a moderate but noticeable potential for delegitimization of the Polish democracy; several extracted social categories may be a potential threat to internal security.

Delegitimization of the political system could be a strong factor leading to disruptions of the social and political order, including political violence. In order to measure the potential of this phenomenon an original measurement tool was created. The tool is based on the concept of ideal types and empirical types introduced by Max Weber and Georg Jellinek. Quantitative empirical data was provided by the Polish General Election Study (2011). Using this data, analyses of intergroup differences of selected sociodemographic and psychographic variables were carried out. The following groups emerged from the analyses: legitimizing the political system, ambivalent towards the political system, delegitimizing the political system (completely or incompletely), and several groups of moderate potential to delegitimize (for instance people rejecting democracy, but expressing satisfaction with the institutional aspects of its functioning in political practice). The gathered results confirm a moderate but noticeable potential for delegitimization of the Polish democracy; several extracted social categories may be a potential threat to internal security.

The roots of the Lithuanian political system precede the emergence of the modern Lithuanian state in 1918 by several decades. For over a hundred years before independence, Lithuania was an integrated part of the imperial tsarist Russia, and in 1940–1991, a union republic of the USSR. After regaining independence in 1991, while shaping the new political system, the Lithuanian political elite decided to refer to the systemic and institutional patterns from the short period of the functioning of democratic governments in the First Republic of Lithuania. The aim of the study is to analyze the evolution of the Lithuanian political system and the individual elements influencing its changes in the years 1920–1926 and 1990–2020. As a result, it was possible to demonstrate the similarities and differences in particular periods of the evolution of democracy, which was extremely helpful in indicating the directions of development of political systems and their individual elements.

Justice is a widely used evaluation criterion applied to both particular decisions and behavioursas well as to whole social, economic and political systems. The paper presents research results fromthe representative sample of adult Poles conducted in September 2014. The goal of the research wasto investigate the relationships between different schemata of world perception and the evaluationof the justice of the current socio-economic system. The method of the data collection was computerassisted telephone interviews. The results indicate that the evaluations of justice of the politicalsystem are lower when: political cynicism is higher, interpersonal distrust is higher and whenrespondents held a stronger belief that the social world is full of uncontrollable danger. Also thelower evaluations of justice of the current system were accompanied by acceptance of aggressionin politics. Socio-demographic variables were less correlated with the evaluations of the justiceof the system then were psychological variables. Only age and educational level significantly butweakly differentiated the evaluations of justice.

The changes in the political system in Poland and its relationship to the political culture of Polish society are analyzed in the article. The attention is paid to the presence of political opposition at the initial stage of transformation in Poland, the consensus transition to a new political order and the characteristic features of Polish rightist and leftist forces. ; The changes in the political system in Poland and its relationship to the political culture of Polish society are analyzed in the article. The attention is paid to the presence of political opposition at the initial stage of transformation in Poland, the consensus transition to a new political order and the characteristic features of Polish rightist and leftist forces.

Succession or transformation of the political system is a process that often requires dealing with the shameful past. The history of European countries in the 20th century knows many examples of such events. Thus, different countries have different approaches to assessing and settling the past. The aim of the article is not to evaluate political decisions, but only to look at dogmatic issues. Is politics above the law? On the other hand, is the thick line strategy legally fair and morally sound? The author hypothesizes that the European Court of Human Rights does not assess justice made by states – successors of the "difficult historical past", but only assesses the legality of the judgments made. As a result of the analysis of the jurisprudence of the ECtHR and the literature, it can be concluded that an international institution such as the European Tribunal does not want to assess the policy chosen by states, but only the issues of respecting the principle of legality.