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Surely the absence of a sociology of morality has to be one of the major weaknesses of academic sociology, and a mysterious one at that. For Durkheim, one of sociology's founding fathers, morality was to have a central place as an object of inquiry; moreover, he was passionately interested in it on the existential level, as was Weber.

Sociology was once integral to the scientific study of morality, but its explicit focus has waned over the past half-century. This article calls for greater sociological engagement in order to speak to the resurgence of the study of morality in cognate fields. We identify important treatments of morality, some of which are not explicitly so, and identify those treatments that build a distinctly sociological focus on morality: room for culturally divergent understandings of its content, a focus on antecedent social factors that shape it, and a concern with ecologically valid explorations of its social importance.

Introduction -- Part 1. Defining and conceptualizing morality -- 1. New Directions in the Sociology of Morality -- 2. Is There Such a Thing as Moral Phenomenon, or Should We Be Looking at the Moral Dimension of Phenomena -- Part 2. Organizations, Organizational Culture, and Morality -- 3. Where Law and Morality Meet: Moral Agency and Moral Deskilling in Organizations -- 4. The Darker Side of Strong Organizational Cultures: Looking Forward by Looking Back -- Part 3. Embodiment, Emotions, and Morality -- 5. The Structure, Culture, and Biology: Driving Moralization of the Human Universe -- 6. Missing Emotions in the Sociology of Morality -- 7. Sociology, Embodiment and Morality: A Durkheimian Perspective -- 8. Physiological Rhythms and Entrainment Niches: Morality as Interpersonal Music -- 9. Grounding Oughtness: Morality of Coordination, Immorality of Disruption -- Part 4. Morality and the Life Cycle -- 10. The Sociology of Children and Youth Morality -- 11. Aging and Morality -- Part 5. Moral Decision-Making, Mobilization, and Helping Behavior -- 12. The Moral Identity in Sociology -- 13. Morality and Relationships, Real and Imagined -- 14. Altruism, Morality, and The Morality of Altruism -- 15. Prosocial decision-making among groups and individuals: A social-psychological approach -- 16. Moral Decision-Making Processes in their Organizational, Institutional, and Historical Contexts -- 17. Examining Moral Decision-Making During Genocide: Rescue in the Case of 1994 Rwanda -- Part 6. Nature, Culture, and Morality -- 18. The Influence of the Nature-Culture Dualism on Morality -- 19. Animals and Society -- Part 7. Culture, Historical Sociology, and Morality -- 20. Culture, Morality, and the Matter of Facts -- 21. Historical Sociology of Morality -- 22. History of the Present: Assessing Morality Across Temporalities -- 23. Social Justice as a Field -- Part 8. Class, Inequality, and Morality -- 24. What Sort of Social Inequality Matters for Democracy? Relations and Distributions -- 25. Slippery Subjects: The Moral Politics of Studying Up -- 26. Morality, Inequality, and the Power of Categories -- Part 9. Morality, Civic Culture, and the State -- 27. Civic Morality: Democracy and Social Good -- 28. Bridging the Sociologies of Morality and Migration: The Moral Underpinnings of Borders, Policies, and Immigrants -- 29. Cultural Threat and Market Failure: Moral Decline Narratives on the Religious Right and Left -- 30. Morality and Civil Society -- Part 10. Looking Ahead: New Frontiers in the Sociology of Morality -- 31. Understanding Morality in a Racialized Society -- 32. Leaving the Sequestered Byway: A Forward Look at Sociology's Morals and Practical Problem-Solving.

This handbook articulates how sociology can re-engage its roots as the scientific study of human moral systems, actions, and interpretation. This second volume builds on the successful original volume published in 2010, which contributed to the initiation of a new section of the American Sociological Association (ASA), thus growing the field. This volume takes sociology back to its roots over a century ago, when morality was a central topic of work and governance. It engages scholars from across subfields in sociology, representing each section of the ASA, who each contribute a chapter on how their subfield connects to research on morality. This reference work appeals to broader readership than was envisaged for the first volume, as the relationship between sociology as a discipline and its origins in questions of morality is further renewed. The volume editors focus on three areas: the current state of the sociology of morality across a range of sociological subfields; taking a new look at some of the issues discussed in the first handbook, which are now relevant in sometimes completely new contexts; and reflecting on where the sociology of morality should go next. This is a must-read reference for students and scholars interested in topics of morality, ethics, altruism, religion, and spirituality from across the social science

Though Pierre Bourdieu has been criticized for ignoring the moral dimensions of social judgments, I suggest that his habitus concept can provide a useful theoretical foundation for a sociological analysis of morality. If the habitus is revised in a way that recognizes the embodied nature of cognition, it can be treated as a foundation for moral judgments of the self and of others. A revised habitus concept can account for two processes by which moral judgments are shaped by social settings: (1) cultural influences on feelings and expressions of emotion; and (2) the ways moral metaphors are structured by embodied cognitive schemas. In both processes, universal bodily operations are employed in different configurations across cultural settings. I argue that a modified habitus concept that can account for these phenomena has significant implications for the sociological analysis of lay morality.

This article presents analysis of the prospects for the development of the new sociology of morality in the context of ongoing efforts to institutionalize this area of research. In order to assess and generally classify the theoretical and empirical research that has been conducted as part of this project so far, as well as to determine the possible and potentially promising directions for its further evolution, the author identifies two complementary perspectives — cognitive and analytical sociology of morality. This distinction is proposed based on opposing views held by the authors of this research tradition concerning the extent to which the sociology of morality should incorporate the models of explanation and methods of studying morality from the (much more popular and influential) field of cognitive psychology. The article contains a brief general overview of several conceptual and empirical works that serve as examples of each of the two identified perspectives, and also explicates the differences between them based on three dimensions — theoretical, methodological, and axiological. In addition, the article discusses the key features and potential problems for the future development of cognitive and analytical perspectives in sociology of morality, while also identifying a few potential ways to overcome them. Thus, this work contributes to the ongoing development of the program to research the new sociology of morality by demonstrating crucial features and pointing out the key problems of the two identified perspectives, as well as revealing their potential in terms of deepening both sociological and interdisciplinary knowledge about the nature of human moral capacity.

Artykuł przedstawia przegląd koncepcji wynikających z tezy o potrzebie rewitalizacji socjologii moralności w XXI wieku. Wyczerpanie się tradycji klasycznych w teorii socjologicznej pogrążyło subdyscyplinę w kryzysie, z którego wyjścia przywołani autorzy upatrują w kilku rozwiązaniach. Pierwsze, to rozwijanie socjologii moralności jako nauki uzupełniającej interdyscyplinarne badania z dziedziny neuronauk. Drugie, to różne warianty ujęć analitycznych, od indywidualistycznych po krok ku tworzeniu subdyscyplinowej teorii formalnej. Trzecie wiąże się z socjologiczną analizą "nadwyżki" powstającej w badaniach antropologicznych. Czwarte, przedstawione jako najbardziej obiecujące, rysuje przed socjologią moralności możliwość przełamania dualizmu między światem faktów i wartości w pojęciu zaangażowania w strategie oporu przeciwko krzywdzie i dominacji, a tym samym przywrócenie jej poczesnego miejsca w teorii socjologicznej jako takiej.

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia analizę porównawczą dwu socjologicznych subdyscyplin: socjologii moralności i socjologii środowiska. Autor wskazuje na genealogiczne, przedmiotowe oraz metodologiczne różnice i podobieństwa, by stwierdzić pokrewieństwo socjologii środowiska i socjologii moralności, które można dostrzec pomimo różnego wieku i stopnia zinstytucjonalizowania obu subdyscyplin. Autor rozpoznaje wzrost świadomości ekologicznej oraz nasilenie problemów i kryzysów związanych ze środowiskiem jako czynniki wpływające na stopniowe instytucjonalne ugruntowywanie socjologii środowiska w polu naukowym. W konkluzji autor wskazuje, iż dyskurs i wartości proekologiczne mają charakter uniwersalistyczny i normatywny, ich realizacja zaś podlega ocenom moralnym warunkowanym klasowym habitusem i doksa klasy średniej, a co się z tym wiąże – zaprzęgnięta jest ona w mechanism (re)produkcji dystansów klasowych. To z kolei podstawa do sformułowania hipotezy o ekologii jako nowej moralności (mieszczańskiej), a o socjologii środowiska – jako nowej socjologii (mieszczańskiej) moralności.

This article examines the relationships between the sociology of morality and behavioural sciences. It is argued that, although the classical sociological tradition provides valuable theoretical resources for understanding moral phenomena, the prevalence of behavioural sciences in the field is problematic for the 'new' sociology of morality, particularly given a wider naturalist movement represented by some modern social theorists. In the context of the current discussion about the future of the sociology of morality, especially the question of how it should react to the dominating biological and psychological approaches, I propose two possible perspectives for the field's ongoing development.

1. Introduction: A Relational Sociology of Morality in Practice -- 2. An Overview of Relational Sociology -- 3. From Rationalism to Practices, Dispositions and Situated Subjectivities -- 4. From Holism and Individualism to a Relational Perspective on the Sociology of Morality -- 5. The New Sociology of Morality and Morality in Practice -- 6. The Self and a Relational Explanation of Morality in Practice -- 7. Conclusion - A Relational View of Moral Phenomena --