Suchergebnisse

Soviet reforms, US multiculturalism, and worker education in Denmark; 5 articles.

Political regimes influence contents of education and criteria used to select and evaluate students. We study the impact of a socialist education on the likelihood of obtaining a college degree and on several labor market outcomes by exploiting the reorganization of the school system in East Germany after reunification. Our identification strategy utilizes cutoff birth dates for school enrollment that lead to variation in the length of exposure to the socialist education system within the same birth cohort. An additional year of socialist education decreases the probability of obtaining a college degree and affects longer-term male labor market outcomes.

Political regimes influence the contents of education and the criteria used to select and evaluate students. We study the impact of a socialist education on the likelihood of obtaining a college degree, as well as on several labor market outcomes, by exploiting the reorganization of the school system in East Germany after reunification. Our identification strategy exploits cut-off birth dates for school enrollment that lead to variation in the length of exposure to the socialist education system within the same birth cohort. We find that an additional year of socialist education substantially decreases the probability of obtaining a college degree, and also affects longer-term labor market outcomes for males. The effects likely stem from non-meritocratic restrictions in access to high school and college, central planning of vocational training, and curricula directed towards the transmission of socialist values in school.

Aus südkoreanischer Sicht

SOCIALIST THOUGHT IS EXPECTED TO SHOW CONCERN FOR MATTERS OF SUCH IMPORTANCE AS EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND PRACTICES. HOWEVER, SOCIALISM'S TENDENCY TO DISTRUST THE STATE AS A CONTEXT FOR AUTHENTIC POLTIICAL PRAXIS AND ITS OPPOSITIONS TO THE DIVISION OF LABOR HAVE COMBINED TO HOBBLE SOCIALIST THINKING AND PLANNING ABOUT REFORMING THE EDUCATIONAL "SORTING MATCHINE" IN FAVOR OF MILLENNIAL NOTIONS OF THE LEVELING OR DESTRUCTION OF SUCH MACHINERY. THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES SOVIET EDUCATION AND COMES TO SOME CONCLUSIONS ABOUT IT. IT ANSWERS THE QUESTIONS: WAS SOVIET PROGRESSIVISM'S FAILURE IN THE 1920S PRIMARILY THE RESULT OF INHERENT IMPRACTICALITY? OR DID ITS FAILURES COME FROM HORRENDOUS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CRISES AND MORE ESPECIALLY FROM CHOICES THAT WERE MADE ABOUT THEM, OR INDEED CAUSED THEM?

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Official government educational pronouncements and policy in the Kyrgyz Republic have called for wider access and participation in higher education as an essential part of the general strategy to build democracy and a market economy. The number of higher education institutions (vuzy) has increased from approximately 10 at the end of the Soviet period to 50 institutions, with over 200,000 students now in attendance. Various international statistical sources show that higher education enrollments peaked above 70% of secondary school graduates in the early 1990s. For the past decade, these figures are lower yet still substantial. UNDP reports between 53% and 63%, while the World Bank and UNESCO report between 41% and 45%. In any of these calculations, however, higher education enrollments in Kyrgyzstan have at least trebled since independence, which is even more remarkable considering that the Kyrgyz system of higher education has become almost entirely paid for by students and parents rather than by the national government.