Suchergebnisse

This book introduces social manufacturing, the next generation manufacturing paradigm that covers product life cycle activities that deal with Internet-based organizational and interactive mechanisms under the context of socio-technical systems in the fields of industrial and production engineering. Like its subject, the book's approach is multi-disciplinary, including manufacturing systems, operations management, computational social sciences and information systems applications. It reports on the latest research findings regarding the social manufacturing paradigm, the architecture, configuration and execution of social manufacturing systems and more. Further, it describes the individual technologies enabled by social manufacturing for each topic, supported by case studies. The technologies discussed include manufacturing resource minimalization and their socialized reorganizations, blockchain models in cybersecurity, computing and decision-making, social business relationships and organizational networks, open product design, social sensors and extended cyber-physical systems, and social factory and inter-connections. This book helps engineers and managers in industry to practice social manufacturing, as well as offering a systematic reference resource for researchers in manufacturing. Students also benefit from the detailed discussions of the latest research and technologies that will have been put into practice by the time they graduate.

The trend towards socialization, personalization and servitization in smart manufacturing has attracted the attention of researchers, practitioners and governments. Social manufacturing is a novel manufacturing paradigm responding to this trend. However, the current cyber–physical system (CPS) merges only cyber and physical space; social space is missing. A cyber–physical–social system (CPSS)-based smart manufacturing is in demand, which incorporates cyber space, physical space and social space. With the development of the Internet of Things and social networks, a large volume of data is generated. A data-driven view is necessary to link tri-space. However, there is a lack of systematical investigation on the integration of CPSS and the data-driven view in the context of social manufacturing. This article proposes a seven-layered framework for a data-driven CPSS (D-CPSS) along the data–information–knowledge–wisdom (DIKW) pyramid under a social manufacturing environment. The evolution, components, general model and framework of D-CPSS are illustrated. An illustrative example is provided to explain the proposed framework. Detailed discussion and future perspectives on implementation are also presented.

This paper analyzed Income Tax to determine how Social Manufacturing Enterprises should proceed (SME) regarding taxes. The organization under study is Aluminio del Tuy C.A. (Alentuy), a national company that arises as a result of import substitution policy developed by the National Executive in the 70s. By June 15, 2010, according to Decree No. 7,463, a compulsory acquisition (expropriation) of personal property, and real estate was ordered so it became a state enterprise under control of the Ministry of Power Industry. Under this scenario, Alentuy becomes an SME, but framed under the Commercial Cod, it started operations as a Limited Company. Therefore, a situation emerges before IT act, where the term Social Manufacturing Enterprises (SME) is not considered in the current legislation. The study was based methodologically under a descriptive study and field. A questionnaire was used as data collection technique. The results indicated that the company requires the design of Tax General Guidelines, to achieve its objectives for achieving compliance with tax obligations ; El presente trabajo analizó el régimen tributario en materia de Impuesto sobre la Renta (ISLR), para determinar cómo debe proceder la Empresa de Producción Social (EPS) de manera impositiva. La organización objeto de estudio es Aluminios del Tuy C.A. (Alentuy), empresa nacional que surge a raíz de la política de sustitución de importaciones desarrollada por el Ejecutivo Nacional en los años 70. Para el 15 de Junio del 2010, según decreto Nº 7.463, se ordena la adquisición forzosa (expropiación) de los bienes muebles, e inmuebles, pasando a ser una empresa del Estado adscrita al Ministerio del Poder Popular de Industrias. Bajo este escenario, Alentuy pasa a ser EPS, pero enmarcado en el Código de Comercio opera como una Compañía Anónima. Por consiguiente, se presenta una situación ante la Ley de ISRL, donde, el término Empresa de Producción Social, (EPS), no es considerado en la legislación actual. El estudio se sustentó metodológicamente cómo una investigación de carácter descriptivo, de campo y se utilizó el cuestionario como técnica de recolección de datos. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que la empresa requiere del diseño de Lineamientos Generales Tributarios, para alcanzar logro de sus objetivos en el cumplimiento de las obligaciones tributarias.

The additive manufacturing technology, also known as 3D printing, is gaining popularity amongst the general public, the media, and in the industries. It is believed to be a disruptive technology, and so the assessment of social impacts is very important. There are still very few works in this area and social impacts are yet to be identified. The first objective of this dissertation was to identify the possible social impacts caused by the implementation of this technology. There were found eleven social strands that were impacted with the additive manufacturing technology. These strands were: educational; commercial; intellectual property; employment and labour; access to the technology; economic; environment and energy; supply chain; health and occupational hazards; healthcare and safety; and governmental approach. There were found twenty-six social impacts amongst these social components. The second objective was to determine who are the stakeholders by those social impacts. For this we analyze the categories of stakeholders in a product life cycle assessment perspective, and matched the social impacts to the stakeholders' categories, creating a typology for the additive manufacturing social impacts. Amongst every stakeholder category, a set of sub-categories is proposed for each stakeholder too. The third, and last, objective, fulfilled by this dissertation, was to propose social indicators for the additive manufacturing impacts identified. A list of proposed indicators is found in the dissertation. This dissertation results in a conceptual model to analyze the additive manufacturing social impacts.