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AbstractThis Article theorizes "security" as a site of continuing struggle in the international system between competing approaches to identifying and responding to urgent threats. Rather than endorsing a single approach, this Article argues that a claim to "security" can imply any one of four approaches to law and policy, each of which has radically divergent implications for who is empowered by a security claim and how that power interacts with existing legal rules. By moving among these four approaches, security claims can disrupt established systems of knowledge-production and redescribe the world in new ways.

The story of the current financial crisis is a story of liquidity, leverage and security. Liquidity in the system was far less real than was assumed, leverage had become too high, often by being dis-guised or hidden off balance sheet and the value of security or collateral was too much presumed to be unlikely to ever decline. The collapse of New Century Financial, a leading US subprime mortgage lender, can be seen as a micro-version of the sudden reversal of fortunes that befell the system as a whole. US subprime was not the cause of the collapse, but one of the most excessive and vulnerable parts of a system gripped by the same fever. This paper looks at the long-term economic and regulatory develop-ments that laid the ground and created the motivations for the broad-based credit bubble wit-nessed in the past decade. It looks at the central role of the US economy, the effects of some previous crises, the deregulation of banking and the role of newer 'controls' such as the focus on risk-based capital and the use of mark-to-market accounting. It also raises a question about the role of central banks as lender of last resort - and how that will continue to effect motiva-tions in banking.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the war in Ukraine on different sectors of Poland's security and the sense of security of Polish citizens. To allow a broader discussion on the issue, the article starts with a definition of security and how this notion can be divided into different types. This is followed by a brief overview of Poland's relations with Russia and an analysis of the main security sectors endangered by Russia's ongoing war in Ukraine, i.e., energy, food, and cybersecurity in Poland. Finally, the author examines how secure Polish citizens feel and analyzes the results of social surveys carried out in Poland by the Centre for Public Opinion Research (CBOS).

Our primary purpose in this study was to determine the structure of sense of security of children left behind in China, and to develop and validate a suitable measure for this. Participants were 1,836 pupils at rural Chinese schools, 100 of whom completed open surveys and semistructured
interviews, 289 of whom completed the preliminary survey, and 1,447 of whom completed the final survey. An exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 5-factor solution, comprising 26 items that explained 56.08% of the variance. A confirmatory factor analysis replicated the initial factor structure,
indicating satisfactory goodness-of-fit and internal consistency. The reliability and validity of the resulting Questionnaire of Sense of Security for Children Left Behind has considerable potential for use in the context of rural China for research about children who have been left behind.

This book is about how people construct career stories: the stories we use to make sense of our work life. Mark Scillio explores the idea of security in the current turbulent employment climate, investigating employment experiences in developed, wealthy countries like Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom--where careers have become fragmented, complex, and uncertain. Using Anthony Giddens' notion of ontological security, Scillio develops a concept of career security that goes beyond economic and financial concerns and encompasses the personal and social meaning of work. The ramifications of succeeding (or failing) to forge a good career narrative are explored through a series of detailed case studies.

Part 4: Keynotes ; International audience ; Sensor networks are typically purpose-built, designed to support a single running application. As the demand for applications that can harness the capabilities of a sensor-rich environment increases, and the availability of sensing infrastructure put in place to monitor various quantities soars, there are clear benefits in a model where infrastructure can be shared amongst multiple applications. This model however introduces many challenges, mainly related to the management of the communication of the same application running on different network nodes, and the isolation of applications within the network.At the same time, security concerns related to terrorism, crime, and lower-level anti-social behaviour and fraud have placed pressure on government agencies to be seen to be doing something to respond. Extensive surveillance is the easy option, as already seen in the UK with the installation of millions of CCTV cameras and a political fondness for the "database state"[ABD+09]. The emergence of low cost pervasive sensing will present another tempting target for surveillance. While there may be legitimate reasons for situational awareness from time to time, placing all citizens "under the microscope" 24/7 has a well-known corrosive effect on society[Fun04].Thus, the combination of dynamic requirements for privacy, and occasional surveillance results in new security challenges. In this paper, we describe the Fresnel project's technology[ELMC10] that addresses these challenges. We tackle these by design methodologies, and integrate solutions with each sensor application, and provide a substrate that enforces appropriate levels of privacy and separation of roles and rights to data, within a virtualised sensor networked OS.