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The rate of cesarean section delivery in the United States has risen from 4.5 per 100 deliveries in 1965 to 17.9 in 1981. The rate is highest in the Northeast, in hospitals of 500 beds or more, in proprietary hospitals, for Blue Cross as a source of payment, and for mothers aged 35 years and over. The rate is lowest in the North Central region, in hospitals with less than 100 beds, in government hospitals, for self-pay patients, and for mothers under 20 years of age.

This article analyzes aspects of two ubiquitous phenomena in contemporary societies: migration and violations of rights to physical integrity. It focuses on violations of rights to physical integrity, such as torture and political assassination, that take place in the countries that migrants leave behind (home countries). This paper explores the association between migration and violent political repression via one observable aspect of migration: transfers of sums of money from migrants to individuals in their home countries. These transfers are called remittances. This article engages with the growing literature on remittances to ask whether remittances influence the protection of rights to physical integrity within migrant-sending countries. An analysis of 21 Latin American countries between 1981 and 2014 shows that remittances are associated with less protection of rights to physical integrity. Our empirical analysis reveals this unintended effect of remittances, which is mediated by political protests and elections. A case study of Haiti illustrates the association between peaks of remittances and repression.

"Prepared in the Bureau of Health Manpower's Planning, Evaluation, and Legislation Branch by Mr. Samuel Rosenthal." ; Tables. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Clarke was born on 14 June 1909 in Kerwood, Ontario, the son of a Methodist minister. As he described it, an early interest in natural history led him to become "a bird watcher, and in time a hunter, and then also a collector, and the lines of least resistance made me a wildlife biologist." [Clarke is best known for his work on the Thelon Game Sanctuary] . presented in A Biological Investigation of the Thelon Game Sanctuary. Although the report had value as the first systematic and complete list of barren-ground vertebrates, it also provided important information on wildlife use by Inuit and northern Indians, the population cycles of fur-bearing mammals, and caribou and muskoxen. In the section on caribou, Clarke examined the contemporary lack of scientific knowledge about northern wildlife. . In many ways, Clarke's ideas were ahead of his time. He argued for increased study and protection of caribou, abandoning preconceived ideas about predators, favoring native interests over those of whites in decisions regarding wildlife and discarding ineffectual and misguided wolf control programs. . In the conclusion he wrote, "We should always be careful that in our search for new resources we do not destroy what we already have. If we can keep it [the North] a true wilderness, its spiritual value will remain, but if the wild herds are lost it will not be a wilderness, but a desert." . A pioneer in biological research in the North, C.H.D. Clarke lived to see the region transformed by social, political, economic and technological forces. He recognized his good fortune at having been active "When things were still fresh" and was reluctant to return to places he once knew, for fear that they would have been destroyed. Near the end of his life he wrote, "To me the Sanctuary will always be what it was in my time." .

In Virginia traditional alimony was the only form of recompense allowed to a divorced spouse until 1977. Property was divided according to title, either his, hers or theirs. In 1977, the legislature added the possibility of a "lump sum payment" based upon the "property interests of the parties" after considering "the contributions, monetary and non-monetary, of each party to the well-being of the family," among other factors. This language gave little guidance as to when such an award might be appropriate or what specific factors were to be considered. A survey conducted by Ingrid Hillinger for the Family Law Section of the Virginia Bar Association in the fall of 1981 indicated that the role of§ 20-107 in property division was unclear. Many attorneys were still filing suits for constructive or resulting trusts. Most believed that Virginia should adopt some form of equitable distribution. The 1981 Virginia Legislature had also recognized the need for change and appointed a committee to study the problem. HB 691 was the result of their study and the Virginia General Assembly adopted their proposal with few changes, replacing § 20-107 with § 20-107.1 - 20-107.3. Some may see § 20-107.1 through § 20-107.3 as a mere extension and outgrowth of the old § 20-107. To some extent, it is, but domestic relations attorneys will find themselves in a new age.