Suchergebnisse

This transcript corresponds to a copy of a regulation, whose original is in the General Archive of Simancas, on the ordering and function of the maritime province of Cartagena de Indias, and the civil and military status of seafarers and teachers within the naval recruitment system called Sea Registration in that province. The document is rich with information related to the production of documents, bureaucratic functions, institutional competences, economic activities and obligations of artisans and fishermen who inhabited the coasts of the Viceroyalty of New Granada at the end of the 18th century. ; La presente transcripción corresponde a una copia de un reglamento cuyo original se encuentra en el Archivo General de Simancas, sobre el ordenamiento y función de la provincia marítima de Cartagena de Indias y la condición civil y militar de la gente de mar y maestranza dentro del sistema de reclutamiento naval llamado Matrícula de Mar en dicha provincia. El documento es rico sobre información relacionada con la producción de documentos, funciones burocráticas, competencias institucionales, actividades económicas y obligaciones de artesanos y pescadores que habitaban las costas del virreinato neogranadino a finales del siglo XVIII. ; Esta transcrição corresponde a uma cópia de um regulamento, cujo original está no Arquivo Geral de Simancas, sobre o ordenamento e as funções da província marítima de Cartagena das Índias e o status civil e militar dos marujos e mestrança dentro do sistema de recrutamento naval denominado Registro Marítimo naquela província. O document é rico em informações relacionadas à produção de documentos, funções burocráticas, competências institucionais, atividades econômicas e obrigações de artesãos e pescadores que habitavam as costas do vice-reinado de Granada no final do século XVIII.

Abstract
The article, on the basis of the underwater vehicle 'Głuptak' intended to combat naval mines, outlines the general concept of the microprocessor system of registration of change of electricity stored in batteries for the underwater vehicle at the implementation time of the set task. Registration system the amount of energy allows you to optimize the implementation of the working time of the underwater vehicle drive system in conditions of interference type underwater sea current.

Abstract. Background: Not much is known about whether paying unpaid debt is related to a reduced risk of suicidal behavior. Aims: To examine whether nonfatal suicide attempt varied by status of nonpayment of debt as registered at the Swedish Enforcement Authority (SEA). Method: People aged between 20 and 64 years with a registration date for an unpaid debt at the SEA during 2016 ( n = 57,039) and registered as either active or inactive for a debt and/or a decision of debt reconstruction in the register in 2018 were followed up for a 2-year period for suicide attempt and compared with a sample from the general Swedish population ( n = 301,714). Results: Those who were still active for a debt and/or a decision of debt reconstruction were about twice ( Odds Ratio = 2.21) as likely to attempt suicide than those who no longer had an active debt in the SEA register. Limitations: The study was limited to suicide attempts that were registered as such in the National Patient Register. Conclusion: The results, based on unique nationwide register data, reinforce the importance of making tackling debt and financial distress part of current suicide prevention strategies. Professionals and others who interact with indebted people may be important gatekeepers in preventing suicide attempts.

This book examines the concept of nationality of means of transportation in terms of jurisdiction in international law. It reassesses the definition of nationality and explores how it is conferred. The book first places nationality in the broader perspective of jurisdiction in international law, and examines the historical development and necessity of the nationality of means of transportation. It goes on to investigate whether and under which conditions international organizations may confer a 'nationality' on means of transportation, examining the law of the sea conventions and air and space treaties. The book finally explores several questions relating to international registration of means of transportation, building a regime of international registration. Vincent Cogliati-Bantz introduces a necessary distinction between transport internationally registered and transport registered in a State but fulfilling a mission for an international organization. As a work that proposes the ability for international organisations to access international spaces without reliance on State-registered means of transport, this book will be of great use and interest to scholars and students of public international law, international organisations, and maritime, space, and aviation law.

Sea fishery is an important economic sector for Thailand that brings in huge national revenues. However, it is avoided by most Thai workers due to its dangerous and exploitative nature thus creating a labor shortage in this sector. To fill in the gap, the Thai government has devised a time-bound registration of foreign workers to attract migrant labor from Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar. Recruitment agents take advantage of this loophole by herding the influx of migrant workers through deceptive and exploitative arrangements, thus allowing trafficking in persons to flourish. This has put Thailand under heavy international scrutiny and trade sanctions to which the Thai Government has responded by launching the Five Ps Strategies of Prevention, Prosecution, Protection, Policy and Partnership. This paper aims to examine public and private measures to prevent trafficking in persons for forced sea fishery work in Thailand, through documentary research and in-depth interviews with key informants at study sites in Samut Sakhon, Rayong and Songkhla provinces in 2015 when CCCIF started its operation. Prevention in this study means all actions that are inclusive in the Five Ps. Research findings show that the results of the Five Ps Strategies have not been optimum. Factors contributing to the inefficient prevention work include weak law enforcement, overlap of duties and responsibilities among the authorities; inadequate operating budgets; small numbers and frequent changes of responsible actors; and, a narrow interpretation of the term 'trafficking in persons' in Thai laws.

Public international air law is based on two principles. The first recognizes each state's full and absolute sovereignty over the air above its territory and territorial waters, including the right to impose its jurisdiction over such airspace. Thus, a state may require any foreign aircraft in its airspace, even if only briefly in transit, to comply with its air transport regulations, for example, those concerning the aircraft and its crew, navigation, and the environment. This right, however, is subject to those international treaty obligations the state has assumed in the interest of safe and efficient air transport. The Convention on International Civil Aviation (hereinafter referred to as the Chicago Convention), generally regarded as the Magna Charta of public international air law, requires each contracting state to "collaborate in securing the highest practicable degree of uniformity in regulations, standards, procedures and organization in relation to aircraft, personnel, airways and auxiliary services in all matters in which such uniformity will facilitate and improve air navigation." To this end, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was granted the power to adopt international standards and recommended practices and procedures dealing with matters such as communication systems and air navigation aids, rules of the air and air traffic control practices, as well as registration and identification of aircraft. Contracting states, however, retained the right to depart from such standards or recommended practices, provided they notified the Organization of the differences between their national regulations and those prescribed by an international standard.

The Nordic Risk Management Group under the Nordic Chemicals Group organised a workshop, where SocioEconomic Analysis (SEA) with respect to SEAs' future use in the new European chemical legislation REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) was discussed. The workshop focused on three themes: 1) information on substitutes, 2) benefits for health and environment and 3) dynamic consequences. The following aims were set for the workshop: The following aims were set for the workshop: o to exchange experiences of current work on SEA with the aim to identify ways how the knowhow developed could be transferred to future SEAs o to raise knowledge and understanding among the Nordic authorities on the possibilities and limitations in the work with SEAs o to identify important elements of the current SEA methodology, and the application thereof, that should be further developed with regard to the future use of SEA in the context of REACH o to provide input to the guidance documents that are being prepared in relevant REACH implementation projects (RIPs). Summaries of the presentations and conclusions from the discussions are presented in the report from the workshop.

American historiography in the last two decades has been paying growing attention to the contribution of women to the African American Freedom Struggle. Women were often the main agents in grassroots experiences, delving on their deep connections to local communities, where they were involved on many levels, including friendship networks or church activities. The experience of Bernice Robinson (1914-1994) is telling in that line: after leaving her native Charleston in her youth, she returned after the war, due to family obligations, carrying the experience of integrated life in New York. She relied on the two trades she had learned in New York, as a seamstress and beautician. She was an active member of NAACP, besides being the cousin of a more widely known activist, Septima P. Clark, who had been fired from her position as a teacher because of NAACP membership. Clark first took her cousin to the interracial Highlander Folkschool, Tennessee, along with an activist from Johns Island, Esau Jenkins. This experience brought to a bold experiment in the education of illiterate adults in the Sea Islands, stretching along the coast of South Carolina and Georgia: the site of an outstanding grassroots experiment in the late '50s and early '60s. Basic literacy for adults was taught, with the aim of getting them registered for voting, starting with a small class in January 1957, when the literacy test was still the main instrument for excluding African American Southerners from the ballots. Robinson accepted to be a non-professional teacher on the Sea Islands, while keeping her business running in Charleston. She successfully developed original methods for teaching adults. Within a few years she became a full-time activist, holding workshops around the South, cooperating with both SCLC and SNCC. The Citizenship Schools project in 1961 was administered by SCLC, and it spread in the whole South, totaling 900 classes led by non-professional teachers, coordinated by Clark, and 700.000 registrations before VRA was enacted. After the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, Robinson's experience proved valuable for other organizations involved in literacy projects for migrants. Her personality is a good example of the way in which Southern African American women could develop strategies for civil rights in a very difficult political context, still widely imbued with male chauvinism.

The Maritime History, as the discipline that deals with all the topics linked with the sea, appeared early in Spain, but reduced to the study of geographic discoveries and military questions. Only later, and under the influence of its renewal abroad, the Maritime History in Spain enlarged its horizons and included other aspects such as economic, social, institutional, cultural and even those referred to the collective mentalités. The Anuario de Estudios Americanos, founded in Seville in 1944, can claim the title to have been one of the pioneer publications in the awakening of this new Maritime History. ; La Historia Marítima, entendida como la especialidad que se ocupa de todas aquellas temáticas vinculadas con el mar, apareció tempranamente en España, pero limitada al estudio de los descubrimientos geográficos y de las cuestiones militares. Solo más tarde, y bajo el impulso de su renacer fuera de España, la Historia Marítima amplió sus horizontes incluyendo los aspectos económicos, sociales, institucionales, culturales e incluso los referidos a las mentalidades colectivas. El Anuario de Estudios Americanos, fundado en Sevilla en 1944, puede reclamar el título de haber sido una de las publicaciones pioneras en el despertar de esta nueva Historia Marítima.

A la vista del buen momento que está atravesando el sector inmobiliario, que se está recuperando progresivamente de la crisis económica, he considerado que el tema que versa sobre el alquiler de viviendas es de actualidad. Principalmente se analizan los cambios introducidos por la nueva legislación de alquiler de viviendas e intenta ofrecer igualdad de trato tanto para el inquilino como para el propietario. Este trabajo se abre con una exposición de las características generales del contrato de alquiler y continúa con una segunda parte que analiza las cuestiones especiales de la misma. Con el tiempo, la legislación especial se ha desarrollado paso a paso, de acuerdo con los cambios sociales. El legislador entendió la necesidad de una mayor protección de la vivienda y la importancia de un campo legal que sea capaz de ofrecer garantías suficientes para el ejercicio del derecho fundamental de disfrute de una vivienda digna y adecuada, previsto en el artículo 47 de la Constitución Española. Sin embargo, no todas las novedades introducidas por las recientes reformas son benéficas para el arrendatario, las normas que se refieren a la inscripción del contrato de arrendamiento en el Registro de la propiedad y, especialmente, sus consecuencias, has sido afectadas radicalmente por las modificaciones introducidas en el año 2013. Aunque la inscripción en el Registro, hasta aquel momento, había sido vista como una modalidad más de protección del arrendatario, a partir del 6 de junio de 2013 se convirtió en un obstáculo que realmente afecta sus derechos, halándose en la situación de ver resuelto su contrato sin haber incurrido en falta alguna. ; In sight of the good time that property area is going through, which is progressively recovering from the economic crisis, I considered the theme about home renting is a current issue. It´s analyzed, principally, the changes that were introduced by the new home renting legislation and are trying to offer an equal treatment both for the leaseholder and for the lessor. This work opens ...

ABSTRACT Objective: to provide a reflection on the concepts, trends and possibilities of patent registration. Method: Reflective analysis. This is a descriptive study, based on theoretical frameworks about patent legislation, trends and possibilities. Results: a patent is a title of temporary ownership over an invention or utility model, granted by the State to inventors. The patent registration process in the country is considered very bureaucratic. The Intellectual Property Law (IPL) - number 9.279/1996 - establishes some criteria that must be considered in the registration of a patent. For a product to be patentable, the requirements of novelty, inventiveness and practical applicability must be met. The country's culture with regard to the production of scientific knowledge that generates patents is still insignificant. Final remarks: there is a need for improvement of the patenting process in Brazil. The possibility of a greater boost in research activities on industrial products in the area of healthcare is expected in the near future. Descriptors: Family Health; Biomedical Technology; Nursing. RESUMO Objetivo: proporcionar reflexão sobre os conceitos, tendências e possibilidades do registro de patente. Método: estudo descritivo, tipo análise reflexiva, apoiado em referenciais teóricos sobre a legislação de patentes, tendências e possibilidades. Resultados: uma patente é um título de propriedade temporária sobre uma invenção ou modelo de utilidade, outorgado pelo Estado aos inventores. O processo de depósito de patentes no país é considerado bastante burocrático. A Lei da Propriedade Intelectual, 9.279/1996, estabelece critérios que devem ser considerados no registro de uma patente. Para um produto ser patenteável, os requisitos de novidade, atividade inventiva e aplicação industrial devem ser contemplados. A cultura do país no que tange a produção de conhecimento científico que gera patente ainda é insignificante. Considerações finais: há necessidade de melhorias no que se refere ao processo de patenteamento no Brasil. Espera-se a possibilidade de um impulso maior nas pesquisas de produtos industriais na área da saúde. Descritores: Saúde da Família; Tecnologia em Saúde; Enfermagem. RESUMEN Objetivo: proporcionar la reflexión sobre los conceptos, tendencias y posibilidades del registro de patentes. Método: análisis reflexivo. Estudio descriptivo fundamentado en referenciales teóricos sobre la legislación de patentes, tendencias y posibilidades. Resultados: una patente es un título de propiedad temporal sobre una invención o modelo de utilidad, otorgado por el Estado a los inventores. El proceso de solicitud de patentes en el país se considera muy burocrático. La Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (9.279/1996) establece los criterios que deben ser considerados en el registro de una patente. Para que un producto sea patentable, los requisitos de novedad, actividad inventiva y aplicación industrial deben ser cumplidos. La cultura del país, en lo que respecta la producción de conocimiento científico que genera patentes, todavía es insignificante. Consideraciones finales: existe la necesidad de mejora en el proceso de patentamiento en Brasil. Para el futuro se espera la posibilidad de un mayor impulso a los estudios de productos industriales en el area de la salud. Descriptores: Salud de la Familia; Tecnología Biomédica; Enfermería. ; RESUMO Objetivo: proporcionar reflexão sobre os conceitos, tendências e possibilidades do registro de patente. Método: estudo descritivo, tipo análise reflexiva, apoiado em referenciais teóricos sobre a legislação de patentes, tendências e possibilidades. Resultados: uma patente é um título de propriedade temporária sobre uma invenção ou modelo de utilidade, outorgado pelo Estado aos inventores. O processo de depósito de patentes no país é considerado bastante burocrático. A Lei da Propriedade Intelectual, 9.279/1996, estabelece critérios que devem ser considerados no registro de uma patente. Para um produto ser patenteável, os requisitos de novidade, atividade inventiva e aplicação industrial devem ser contemplados. A cultura do país no que tange a produção de conhecimento científico que gera patente ainda é insignificante. Considerações finais: há necessidade de melhorias no que se refere ao processo de patenteamento no Brasil. Espera-se a possibilidade de um impulso maior nas pesquisas de produtos industriais na área da saúde. Descritores: Saúde da Família; Tecnologia em Saúde; Enfermagem. ABSTRACT Objective: to provide a reflection on the concepts, trends and possibilities of patent registration. Method: Reflective analysis. This is a descriptive study, based on theoretical frameworks about patent legislation, trends and possibilities. Results: a patent is a title of temporary ownership over an invention or utility model, granted by the State to inventors. The patent registration process in the country is considered very bureaucratic. The Intellectual Property Law (IPL) - number 9.279/1996 - establishes some criteria that must be considered in the registration of a patent. For a product to be patentable, the requirements of novelty, inventiveness and practical applicability must be met. The country's culture with regard to the production of scientific knowledge that generates patents is still insignificant. Final remarks: there is a need for improvement of the patenting process in Brazil. The possibility of a greater boost in research activities on industrial products in the area of healthcare is expected in the near future. Descriptors: Family Health; Biomedical Technology; Nursing. RESUMEN Objetivo: proporcionar la reflexión sobre los conceptos, tendencias y posibilidades del registro de patentes. Método: análisis reflexivo. Estudio descriptivo fundamentado en referenciales teóricos sobre la legislación de patentes, tendencias y posibilidades. Resultados: una patente es un título de propiedad temporal sobre una invención o modelo de utilidad, otorgado por el Estado a los inventores. El proceso de solicitud de patentes en el país se considera muy burocrático. La Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (9.279/1996) establece los criterios que deben ser considerados en el registro de una patente. Para que un producto sea patentable, los requisitos de novedad, actividad inventiva y aplicación industrial deben ser cumplidos. La cultura del país, en lo que respecta la producción de conocimiento científico que genera patentes, todavía es insignificante. Consideraciones finales: existe la necesidad de mejora en el proceso de patentamiento en Brasil. Para el futuro se espera la posibilidad de un mayor impulso a los estudios de productos industriales en el area de la salud. Descriptores: Salud de la Familia; Tecnología Biomédica; Enfermería.