Suchergebnisse

В статье предложен ряд многофакторных циклических моделей: для формирования вариантов макроэкономических параметров на уровне страны в целом; для трансляции макроэкономических параметров на уровень макрозон и регионов; для определения динамики и структуры ключевых показателей развития регионов (ВРП, инвестиции, денежные доходы населения и др.) в их взаимосвязях. Методологической основой для их построения послужили приемы когнитивного моделирования в сочетании с моделями тройной спирали. Предложена комплексная методика совместного использования этих моделей, направленная на обоснование приемлемых компромиссов в формировании ключевых параметров макроэкономического сценария и распределении результатов экономической деятельности между регионами в соответствии с его установками. Исследована когнитивная модель циклических взаимодействий в системе «регионы - федеральный центр - бизнес-структуры», позволяющая изучать отношения ее участников в системе прямых и обратных связей. Предложены схемы сводной оценки вклада каждого участника в общий поток трансакций между ними. Построены алгоритмы корректирования входных и выходных трансакций акторов в направлении сближения сводных оценок их активности. Результаты экспериментальных расчетов по модели подтверждают обоснованность отдельных предложений экспертного сообщества о желаемых изменениях в отношениях между регионами, федеральным центром и бизнес-структурами.
The article introduces a series of multifactor cyclical models aimed at achieving several objectives: shaping macroeconomic parameters on a national scale, translating these parameters to macrozones and regions, and outlining the dynamics and structure of key indicators of regional development (such as GRP, investment, and population income) in their interconnectedness. The construction of these models is underpinned by a methodological fusion of cognitive modeling techniques and triple helix models. The proposed comprehensive methodology combines these models, seeking to establish well-founded compromises in establishing key parameters for the macroeconomic scenario and the equitable distribution of economic results among regions based on predefined settings. Moreover, the study delves into a cognitive model of cyclic interactions within the "regions - federal center - business structures" system. This model allows for an examination of relationships among its participants within forward and backward linkages. It further suggests schemes for summarily assessing the contributions made by each participant to the overall transaction flow between them. We then develop algorithms for adjusting the input and output transactions of stakeholders to converge summary assessments of their activities. The experimental calculations conducted on this model validate certain suggestions from the expert community regarding desirable modifications in the relations between regions, the federal center, and business structures.

Indonesia is a unitary state that introducing special autonomy since 1999. This policy is outlined in MPR Decree number IV on the Guidelines of State Policy in 1999-2004 to the rst of the General Assembly 14 to 21 October 1999. However, the problem from to turn the power of the President Abdurrahman Wahid, untill President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is still being questioned. It is because the views of people on the Indonesian government in contrast to the views of the people of Papua. View of the government, autonomy is de ned as the power to control and take care of the housekeeping area, which is attached to a unitary state like any in the federation. In a unitary state, regional autonomy is more limited to the countries that form the federation. The authority to control and take care of the household in a unitary state area includes all governmental authority except some matters that are held by the central government such as international relations, justice, nance, defense and security. Meanwhile, the views of the people of Papua, autonomy means that all the demands that have the rule of law, peace, and can solve the major problems facing the people of Papua. But the decision of the DPR RI relating to the special autonomy Papua were affecting the position of the people of Papua, giving rise to their desire for independence. Resolving these problems, some measures have been taken by the Indonesian government including: (1) Papua divided to be more two provinces; (2) the establishment of the Papuan People's Assembly (MRP) as a condition for the implementation of special autonomy and (3) the provision of development funds in accordance with the special autonomy law. However, all of the policies that the central government is sometimes also lead to new con icts (such as the division of Papua that has cost the lives of the people of Papua). Why the con ict in Papua has not been resolved even though the various policies have been rati ed?

This article examines 2020 constitutional reform in Russia. The amendments recently were approved on July, 1st by nation-vide vote. The purpose of the article is to analyze center-region trends in Russia and how they are reflected in the proposed constitutional amendments. The prospective changes in regional representation in the federal decision-making process shall also be discussed.

The article shows how chaotic decentralization during the 90-s was replaced by a trend of centralization. The 2020 constitutional reform reflects a further strengthening of this centralization trend. The problems faced by the Russian regions are left unresolved. It is becoming an overcentralized country.

The amended Russian Constitution envisages a reformed role for the Russian State Council. It is supposed to be defined in the Constitution as a consultative body by the President and is expected to be formed of regional leaders. At the same time, the Federal Council of the Federal Assembly (the upper chamber of the Russian parliament), which represents the different constituencies, is also set to be reformed. However, after the reform some of its powers shall be restricted. The changes to regional representation in the federal decision-making process has a controversial and inconsistent character and inevitably supports the general trend towards centralization.

Abstract
Center-region relations in Russia experienced several zigzags in the process of consolidation of the central control over the regions, influenced by a complex interplay between formal and informal institutions and practices. Through the lenses of neo- patrimonialism, the study explores the challenges Russian governors face in the process of consolidation of their personal power at the regional level. Drawing on empirical research conducted in Sverdlovsk and Perm Krai, the study contends that, despite the establishment of the so-called 'power vertical', the neo-patrimonial equilibrium in Russia is marked by multiple tensions. In this system, personal style and skills, the constellation of actors at the central and regional levels, and the horizontal interaction between networks play an important role, making center-region relations more dynamic and complex. Hence the hierarchical model of territorial control appears less stable and predictable in the long run.