Suchergebnisse

Jiulong Zhao,1,* Yangbei Zhu,1,* Changqing Ye,2,* Ying Chen,2 Shige Wang,2 Duowu Zou,3 Zhaoshen Li11Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; 2College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China; 3Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this workBackground: Photothermal and chemotherapy treatment has been frequently studied for cancer therapy; however, chemotherapy is equally toxic to both normal and cancer cells. The clinical application value of most kinds of photothermal transforming agents remains limited, due to their poor degradation and minimal accumulation in tumors.Materials and methods: We reported the synthesis of photothermal transforming agents (MoS2) and chemotherapeutic (doxorubicin, DOX) co-loaded electrospun nanofibers using blend electrospinning for the treatment of postoperative tumor recurrence.Results: Under the irradiation of an 808 nm laser, the as-prepared chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/MoS2/DOX nanofibers showed an admirable photothermal conversion capability with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 23.2%. These composite nanofibers are in vitro and in vivo biocompatible. In addition, they could control the sustained release of DOX and the generated heat can sensitize the chemotherapeutic efficacy of DOX via enhancing its release rate. Their chemo-/photothermal combined therapy efficiency was systematically studied in vitro and in vivo. Instead of circulating with the body fluid, MoS2 was trapped by the nanofibrous matrix in the tumor and so its tumor-killing ability was not compromised, thus rendering this composite nanofiber a promising alternative for future clinical translation within biomedical application fields.Conclusion: Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/MoS2/DOX nanofibers showed an excellent photothermal conversion capability with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 23.2% and can completely inhibit the postoperative tumor reoccurrence.Keywords: electrospinning, chitosan, chemotherapy, photothermal tumor therapy, tumor

Combining different therapies into a single nanomaterial platform is a promising approach for achieving more efficient, less invasive, and personalized treatments. Here, we report on the development of such a platform by utilizing nanowires with an iron core and iron oxide shell as drug carriers and exploiting their optical and magnetic properties. The iron core has a large magnetization, which provides the foundation for low-power magnetic manipulation and magnetomechanical treatment. The iron oxide shell enables functionalization with doxorubicin through a pH-sensitive linker, providing selective intracellular drug delivery. Combined, the core–shell nanostructure features an enhanced light–matter interaction in the near-infrared region, resulting in a high photothermal conversion efficiency of >80% for effective photothermal treatment. Applied to cancer cells, the collective effect of the three modalities results in an extremely efficient treatment with nearly complete cell death (∼90%). In combination with the possibility of guidance and detection, this platform provides powerful tools for the development of advanced treatments. ; This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BIO2016-77367-C2-1-R, MAT2017-85617-R, SEV-2016-0686 and MAT2016-81955-REDT), the Basque Government (Elkartek KK-2017/00008), and Madrid Regional Government (PEJ-2017-AI/IND-6283). This work was performed under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program from the Spanish State Research Agency—Grant No. MDM-2017-0720 (CIC biomaGUNE). C.L.-P. acknowledges financial support from CAM (PEJ-2017-AI/IND-6283).

Tumor associated macrophages (TAM) are key pathogenic factors in neoplastic diseases. They are known to have plasticity and can polarize into two opposing phenotypes, including the tumoricidal M1 and the protumoral M2 phenotypes with high prevalence of M2-phentoypes in patients with poor prognosis. Strategies for targeting M2-TAM may consequently increase the efficacy of therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Gold nanorod-assisted plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) has emerged as a promising treatment for cancer but the effects of macrophage polarization parameters in the performance of this new treatment modality is still unknown. Herein, human monocytic THP-1 cells were polarized into two opposite phenotypic macrophages (M1-TAM and M2-TAM) and their response to PPTT was examined. M2-TAM exhibits a three-fold increase in AuNP uptake compared to M1-TAM. Laser irradiation results in selective killing of pro-tumoral M2-TAM after treatment with AuNPs with limited effects on anti-tumoral M1-TAM. A positive correlation between the expression of CD206 marker and the AuNP uptake may indicate the role of CD206 in facilitating AuNP uptake. Our findings also suggest that the differences in AuNP avidity and uptake between the M1-TAM and M2-TAM phenotypes may be the rationale behind the effectiveness of PPTT in the treatment of solid tumors. ; Funding Agencies|Binational Fulbright Commission in Egypt [99869795N]; Swedish Research Council (VR)Swedish Research Council [2017-04475]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SFF)Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [FFL15-0026]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation [KAW 2016.0231]; Swedish Cancer Foundation [CAN 2017/430]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University [2009-00971]

Abstract
Nanoparticle-assisted laser-induced photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising method for cancer treatment; yet, visualization of nanoparticle uptake and photothermal response remain a critical challenge. Here, we report a magnetic resonance imaging-active nanomatryoshka (Gd2O3-NM), a multilayered (Au core/Gd2O3 shell/Au shell) sub-100 nm nanoparticle capable of combining T1 MRI contrast with PTT. This bifunctional nanoparticle demonstrates an r1 of 1.28 × 108 mM–1 s–1, an MRI contrast enhancement per nanoparticle sufficient for T1 imaging in addition to tumor ablation. Gd2O3-NM also shows excellent stability in an acidic environment, retaining 99% of the internal Gd(3). This report details the synthesis and characterization of a promising system for combined theranostic nanoparticle tracking and PTT.

Jing Liu,1,* Yaru Yin,1,* Luxun Yang,1 Binghui Lu,1 Zhangyou Yang,2 Weidong Wang,3 Rong Li1 1Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Military Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Department of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China; 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Weidong WangSichuan Cancer Hospital, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of ChinaEmail wwdwyl@sina.comRong LiArmy Medical University, No 30, Gaotanyan St., Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of ChinaTel +86-13883996627Fax +86023-68753127Email lrong361@126.comPurpose: The near-infrared fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) has shown great potential in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer. However, its disadvantages of instability in aqueous solution, short half-life, and non-targeting accumulation limit the effectiveness of ICG PDT/PTT. To overcome the disadvantages of ICG in tumor treatment, we designed PEGylated-human serum albumin (PHSA)-ICG-TAT. In this nanoparticle, PEG4000, the HSA package, and nuclear targeting peptide TAT (human immunodeficiency virus 1 [HIV-1]-transactivator protein) were used to improve the water solubility of ICG, prolong the life span of ICG in vivo, and target the nuclei of tumor cells, respectively.Methods: The PHSA-ICG-TAT was characterized in terms of morphology and size, ultraviolet spectrum, dispersion stability, singlet oxygen and cellular uptake, and colocalization using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, and fluorescence assay, respectively. Subsequently, the anti-tumor effect of PHSA-ICG-TAT was investigated via in vitro and in vivo experiments, including cell viability, apoptosis, comet assays, histopathology, and inhibition curves.Results: The designed ICG-loaded nanoparticle had a higher cell uptake rate and stronger PDT/PTT effect than free ICG. The metabolism of PHSA-ICG-TAT in normal mice revealed that there was no perceptible toxicity. In vivo imaging of mice showed that PHSA-ICG-TAT had a good targeting effect on tumors. PHSA-ICG-TAT was used for the phototherapy of tumors, and significantly suppressed the tumor growth. The tumor tissue sections showed that the cell gap and morphology of the tumor tissue had been obviously altered after treatment with PHSA-ICG-TAT.Conclusion: These results indicate that the PHSA-ICG-TAT had a significant therapeutic effect against tumors.Keywords: indocyanine green, human serum albumin, phototherapy, nuclear targeting

Yang Guo,1 Zhuoli Zhang,1 Dong-Hyun Kim,1,5 Weiguo Li,1 Jodi Nicolai,1 Daniel Procissi,1 Yi Huan,2 Guohong Han,3 Reed A Omary,1,4,5 Andrew C Larson1,4,5 1Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; 2Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; 3Department of Digestive Interventional Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; 5Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA Purpose: Photothermal ablation is a minimally invasive approach, which typically involves delivery of photothermal sensitizers to targeted tissues. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate that gold nanoparticles are phagocytosed by pancreatic cancer cells, thus permitting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of sensitizer delivery and photothermal ablation. Patients and methods: Iron-oxide core/gold-shell nanoparticles (GoldMag®, 30 nm diameter; Xi'an GoldMag Biotechnology Co, Xi'an, People's Republic of China) were used. In a 96-well plate, 3 × 104 PANC-1 (human pancreatic cancer cell line) cells were placed. GoldMag (0, 25, or 50 µg/mL) was added to each well and 24 hours allowed for cellular uptake. Samples were then divided into two groups: one treated with photothermal ablation (7.9 W/cm2) for 5 minutes, the other not treated. Photothermal ablation was performed using laser system (BWF5; B&W Tek, Inc, Newark, DE, USA). Intraprocedural temperature changes were measured using a fiber optic temperature probe (FTP-LN2; Photon Control Inc, Burnaby, BC, Canada). After 24 hours, the remaining number of viable cells was counted using trypan blue staining; cell proliferation percentage was calculated based on the total number of viable cells after treatment compared with control. MRI of GoldMag uptake was performed using a 7.0T ClinScan system (Bruker BioSpin, Ettlingen, Germany). Results: Temperature curves demonstrated that with increased GoldMag uptake, laser irradiation produced higher temperature elevations in the corresponding samples; temperature elevations of 12.89°C, 35.16°C, and 79.51°C were achieved for 0, 25, and 50 µg/mL GoldMag. Without photothermal ablation, the cell proliferation percentage changed from 100% to 71.3% and 47.0% for cells treated with 25 and 50 µg/mL GoldMag. Photothermal ablation of PANC-1 cells demonstrated an effective treatment response, specifically a reduction to only 61%, 21.9%, and 2.3% cell proliferation for cells treated with 0, 25, and 50 µg/mL GoldMag. MRI was able to visualize GoldMag uptake within PANC-1 cells. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that photothermal ablation may be effective in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. GoldMag nanoparticles could serve as photothermal sensitizers, and MRI is feasible to quantify delivery. Keywords: photothermal ablation therapy, hybrid nanoparticles, magnetic resonance imaging

Due to the increasing incidence and high mortality associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Classic chemotherapy against CRC is based on oxaliplatin and other cisplatin analogues; however, platinum-based therapy lacks selectivity to cancer cells and leads to deleterious side effects. In addition, tumor resistance to oxaliplatin is related to chemotherapy failure. Gold(I) derivatives are a promising alternative to platinum complexes, since instead of interacting with DNA, they target proteins overexpressed on tumor cells, thus leading to less side effects than, but a comparable antitumor effect to, platinum derivatives. Moreover, given the huge potential of gold nanoparticles, the role of gold in CRC chemotherapy is not limited to gold(I) complexes. Gold nanoparticles have been found to be able to overcome multidrug resistance along with reduced side effects due to a more efficient uptake of classic drugs. Moreover, the use of gold nanoparticles has enhanced the effect of traditional therapies such as radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, or photodynamic therapy, and has displayed a potential role in diagnosis as a consequence of their optic properties. Herein, we have reviewed the most recent advances in the use of gold(I) derivatives and gold nanoparticles in CRC therapy. ; Authors thank Interreg-SUDOE (Redvalue SOE1/P1/E0123), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (CTQ2016-75816-C2-1-P and SAF2016-75441-R) and Aragón regional Government-DGA-(B16-17R and E07_17R, Fondos FEDER "otra manera de hacer Europa").

Hengli Yang,1,2,* Wenbin Cai,3,* Wei Lv,2 Ping Zhao,2 Yamei Shen,4 Longfang Zhang,1 Bin Ma,1 Lijun Yuan,2 Yunyou Duan,2 Kechun Yao11Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Tang Du Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; 3Special Diagnosis Department, General Hospital of Tibet Military Command, Lhasa, People's Republic of China; 4Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yunyou DuanDepartment of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Tang Du Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, People's Republic of ChinaEmail duanyy@fmmu.edu.cnKechun YaoDepartment of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing 100036, People's Republic of ChinaEmail yaokc1959@hotmail.comBackground: Currently, effective detection and treatment of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) still face severe challenges. Ultrasound molecular imaging as a noninvasive and easy-to-operate method is expected to bring improvements for tumor detection.Purpose: The aim of this research is to prepare novel phase-change ultrasound contrast agents, Nds-IR780, which can perform not only dual-mode molecule-targeted imaging but also targeted photothermal therapy for CMM.Methods: A double emulsion process was used to prepare the Nds-IR780. Then, the entrapment rate and drug loading of IR-780 iodide in Nds-IR780 were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The biocompatibility of Nds-IR780 was evaluated by a CCK-8 assay and the characteristics and stability of that were verified through the particle size analyzer, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The abilities of dual-mode molecule-targeted imaging and targeted photothermal therapy for Nds-IR780 were confirmed via the in vitro and in vivo experiments.Results: Nds-IR780 had good size distribution, polydispersity index, stability and biosafety. The in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that Nds-IR780 were capable of targeting CMM cells with high affinity (22.4±3.2%) and facilitating dual-mode imaging to detect the primary lesion and sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) of CMM. Furthermore, the photothermal ablation of CMM mediated by Nds-IR780 was very effective in vivo.Conclusion: The newly prepared Nds-IR780 were observed to be effective targeted theranostic probe for the precise detection and targeted treatment of CMM.Keywords: CMM, dual-mode phase-change nanodroplets, targeted accurate diagnosis and treatment

Intro -- DERMATOLOGY RESEARCH FOCUS ON ACNE, MELANOMA AND PSORIASIS -- DERMATOLOGY RESEARCH FOCUS ON ACNE, MELANOMA AND PSORIASIS -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter I Acne: Causes, Treatment and Myths -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Frequency and Racial Prevalence -- Age -- Sex -- Pathogenesis and Etiology -- Myths and Misunderstanding -- Clinical Manifestations -- Differential Diagnosis -- Clinical Evaluation -- Assessment of Pyschosocial Impact -- Laboratory Investigations -- Complications -- Prevention -- Management -- Topical Keratolytics and Bactericidals -- Topical Antibiotics -- Systemic Antibiotics -- Hormonal Treatments -- Topical Retinoids -- Oral Retinoids -- Phototherapy -- Photodynamic Therapy -- Laser Treatment -- Miscellaneous Treatments -- Future Developments -- Prognosis -- Summary -- References -- Chapter II Female Acne Vulgaris: A Common Skin Disease Affecting the Relational Quality of Life: Beneficial Effects of Hormonal Contraceptives -- Embryologic Development -- Pathogenesis of Acne -- Hormonal Influence -- Combined Hormonal Contraceptives -- Hormonal Contraceptives with Antiandrogenic Properties -- Clinical Studies -- Norgestimate -- Dienogest -- Cyproterone Acetate -- Gestodene-Desogestrel -- Levonorgestrel -- Drospirenone -- Chlormadinone Acetate -- Important Considerations -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter III Shedding Light on Acne: From Myth to Science (Laser and Light Therapy for Acne) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Endogenous Photodynamic Therapy -- Exogenous Photodynamic Therapy -- Photobiomodulation -- Photothermal and Electrothermal Therapies -- Treatment of Acne Scars with Lasers -- Future Lasers and Light Devces for Acne -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter IV Acne: Causes, Treatment and Myths -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Acne Etiology -- Treatments and Myths.

Laser cleaning provides art and heritage conservators with an alternative means to restore objects when traditional chemical and mechanical methods are not viable. However, long (>nanosecond) laser pulses can cause unwanted damage from photothermal processes and provide limited control over ablation depth. Ultrashort (