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This thesis highlights certain aspects of the coexistence between agriculture and residential uses in the periurban via a sociologic study of new ways of managing wine growers' farm buildings introduced in the department of the Hérault (France). Named "agricultural hamlets", these innovations take into account legal requirements related to sustainable planning introduced by the SRU law (2000), the implications for farmers' dwellings and issues of the coexistence between agriculture and residential uses. These new ways of managing farm buildings reveal the emergence of a public management of this issue. The thesis is organized around two principal axes which analyze: 1) the political conceptions of the coexistence between agriculture and residential uses which result in the varied interpretation of the SRU law and in the development of new management of farm building, 2) the real-life experience of "living together" as experienced by farmers and residents of the periurban villages concerned by these projects. The analysis of the political conceptions of coexistence reveals three ideal types of "living together". The confrontation of political conceptions with the reality of social dynamics brings to light unexpected problems of social equity. The thesis concludes with the presentation of the numerous perspectives of research and action on the sustainable management of farm building. ; Cette thèse porte sur la coexistence entre l'activité agricole et les usages résidentiels des espaces périurbains via l'étude sociologique des nouvelles modalités de gestion du bâti viticole développées dans le département de l'Hérault. Nommés « hameaux agricoles », ces nouveautés répondent à la planification urbaine durable introduite par la loi SRU (2000) et ses conséquences sur le logement des agriculteurs et sur la cohabitation entre l'activité agricole et les usages résidentiels. Ces modes innovants de gestion du bâti agricole révèlent l'émergence d'une gestion publique de la cohabitation entre activité agricole et usages ...

This thesis highlights certain aspects of the coexistence between agriculture and residential uses in the periurban via a sociologic study of new ways of managing wine growers' farm buildings introduced in the department of the Hérault (France). Named "agricultural hamlets", these innovations take into account legal requirements related to sustainable planning introduced by the SRU law (2000), the implications for farmers' dwellings and issues of the coexistence between agriculture and residential uses. These new ways of managing farm buildings reveal the emergence of a public management of this issue. The thesis is organized around two principal axes which analyze: 1) the political conceptions of the coexistence between agriculture and residential uses which result in the varied interpretation of the SRU law and in the development of new management of farm building, 2) the real-life experience of "living together" as experienced by farmers and residents of the periurban villages concerned by these projects. The analysis of the political conceptions of coexistence reveals three ideal types of "living together". The confrontation of political conceptions with the reality of social dynamics brings to light unexpected problems of social equity. The thesis concludes with the presentation of the numerous perspectives of research and action on the sustainable management of farm building. ; Cette thèse porte sur la coexistence entre l'activité agricole et les usages résidentiels des espaces périurbains via l'étude sociologique des nouvelles modalités de gestion du bâti viticole développées dans le département de l'Hérault. Nommés « hameaux agricoles », ces nouveautés répondent à la planification urbaine durable introduite par la loi SRU (2000) et ses conséquences sur le logement des agriculteurs et sur la cohabitation entre l'activité agricole et les usages résidentiels. Ces modes innovants de gestion du bâti agricole révèlent l'émergence d'une gestion publique de la cohabitation entre activité agricole et usages ...

This thesis highlights certain aspects of the coexistence between agriculture and residential uses in the periurban via a sociologic study of new ways of managing wine growers' farm buildings introduced in the department of the Hérault (France). Named "agricultural hamlets", these innovations take into account legal requirements related to sustainable planning introduced by the SRU law (2000), the implications for farmers' dwellings and issues of the coexistence between agriculture and residential uses. These new ways of managing farm buildings reveal the emergence of a public management of this issue. The thesis is organized around two principal axes which analyze: 1) the political conceptions of the coexistence between agriculture and residential uses which result in the varied interpretation of the SRU law and in the development of new management of farm building, 2) the real-life experience of "living together" as experienced by farmers and residents of the periurban villages concerned by these projects. The analysis of the political conceptions of coexistence reveals three ideal types of "living together". The confrontation of political conceptions with the reality of social dynamics brings to light unexpected problems of social equity. The thesis concludes with the presentation of the numerous perspectives of research and action on the sustainable management of farm building. ; Cette thèse porte sur la coexistence entre l'activité agricole et les usages résidentiels des espaces périurbains via l'étude sociologique des nouvelles modalités de gestion du bâti viticole développées dans le département de l'Hérault. Nommés « hameaux agricoles », ces nouveautés répondent à la planification urbaine durable introduite par la loi SRU (2000) et ses conséquences sur le logement des agriculteurs et sur la cohabitation entre l'activité agricole et les usages résidentiels. Ces modes innovants de gestion du bâti agricole révèlent l'émergence d'une gestion publique de la cohabitation entre activité agricole et usages ...

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; Urban and periurban agricultural producers have faced many stressors – both negative ones and positive ones – particularly from the mid-20th century onwards. They have included urban development pressures, exurban development, the evolving markets for the products of these producers – food and other products, and environmental challenges stemming from farming's own technologies. More recently, these stressors have been compounded by climate change and variability. The importance of the decision processes at the local level (i.e. individual farmers and producers, local government, various community organisations, and citizens more generally) and how such decision makers adapt to the various stressors has been increasingly recognised. In relation to urban and periurban farm producers, more and more attention has been placed on the adaptive capacity of these decision makers to maintain and develop their own production systems. At the same time, there has been an increase in the environmental services that these areas are expected to perform mainly by the urban citizenry, thus reinforcing the multi-functionality of the areas concerned. In this paper, we argue that developing producers' adaptive capacity is one of the keys to contributing to alleviating food insecurity, but at the same time, the multi-functionality of these same areas provides a powerful tool with which to maintain and develop the strength of food production through having non farm actors and citizens appropriate the importance of conserving agricultural production – and therefore food production – in these same areas to contribute in a sustainable fashion to improving food security both regionally, domestically and internationally.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; Urban and periurban agricultural producers have faced many stressors – both negative ones and positive ones – particularly from the mid-20th century onwards. They have included urban development pressures, exurban development, the evolving markets for the products of these producers – food and other products, and environmental challenges stemming from farming's own technologies. More recently, these stressors have been compounded by climate change and variability. The importance of the decision processes at the local level (i.e. individual farmers and producers, local government, various community organisations, and citizens more generally) and how such decision makers adapt to the various stressors has been increasingly recognised. In relation to urban and periurban farm producers, more and more attention has been placed on the adaptive capacity of these decision makers to maintain and develop their own production systems. At the same time, there has been an increase in the environmental services that these areas are expected to perform mainly by the urban citizenry, thus reinforcing the multi-functionality of the areas concerned. In this paper, we argue that developing producers' adaptive capacity is one of the keys to contributing to alleviating food insecurity, but at the same time, the multi-functionality of these same areas provides a powerful tool with which to maintain and develop the strength of food production through having non farm actors and citizens appropriate the importance of conserving agricultural production – and therefore food production – in these same areas to contribute in a sustainable fashion to improving food security both regionally, domestically and internationally.

Public concern about pesticide use is very high, although it varies with social, ethical and political factors. In periurban regions, farmers live close to people with other occupations. Thus farming activities such as pesticide spraying may cause tensions. Pesticide use may also cause changes in pest abundances outside the treated field, on plants in neighbouring gardens. The first part of this thesis compared perceptions of pesticide use by farmers and their neighbours in two periurban regions in Sweden. Neighbours reported using pesticides, but perceived pesticide use to be more negative than farmers did. Neighbours also perceived themselves as pesticide non-users to a higher extent than farmers, although both categories used pesticides in their home setting to a similar extent. Perceptions of pesticide use differed between farmers and neighbours but also between groups of farmers, depending on farm size, whether pesticides were used or not, number of crops grown and pesticide safety knowledge. In two field studies, abundances of pests were compared in garden crops adjacent to insecticide-treated and untreated agricultural fields. The garden crops were not subjected to wind drift during insecticide spraying. Despite this, pest abundance and their damage on vegetables and ornamental flowers in nearby gardens decreased with insecticide use in the agricultural fields. The magnitude of this decrease depended on type of insect pests targeted, garden plants tested and timing of pesticide applications. In general, perceptions and attitudes concerning pesticide use differed between groups of people in the periurban society studied, e.g. with social factors such as gender, age and education. The fact that pesticide use in agricultural fields may actually benefit neighbouring garden crops is a novel finding. The findings presented here can be of use for policy makers to avoid conflicts regarding pesticide use in periurban environments, since it is important to address variations in the views of different groups of people in society and to communicate both the negative and positive effects of pesticide use.

Periurban areas are constantly subjected to the pressure of urbanization and the permanence of agriculture is the most important mean against soil consumption, but only competitive farms can protect green open spaces competing with the urban growth and sprawl. Soil is a non renewable resource because the time of degradation is quick, but the regeneration process, when it is possible, is very slow (EC, 2006). The permanence of agriculture can play a fundamental role for the economic and environmental sustainability of local development. This work considers the farm as the unit of analyses and, finding different factors which influence the efficiency of farms, creates an Indicator of Land Consumption Risk (ILCR), that measures the vulnerability of periurban areas. Factors could affect the farm in relation to the soil loss both positively, if they back up and promote the farm performances, and negatively, if they reduce farm functionality. At the same time, the factors could be endogenous, if they depend directly on the farm management, and exogenous, if they depend on external pressures. By integrating and summarizing these factors an Indicator of Land Consumption Risk at farm scale was created and a Spatial Multicriteria Analysis approach based on GIS technologies was used to produce maps showing different levels of risk consumption due to fragility of agriculture. This methodology is based on economics and social data at farm and municipality scale and propose different kind of scenarios, projecting the effect of chosen policy on the land. The study area is the Province of Milan, Lombardy, Italy, where competition between urban and rural areas, property speculation, demographic pressure increase the land consumption risk and are threats to the existence of the peri-urban agriculture. The average rate of urbanization is around 35% in the whole province, in the municipality of Milan it's around 69%, but in some areas it reaches the 82%, especially in the North of Milan (ONCS, 2009). Main result of the work is the Map of Land Consumption Risk of the Province of Milan that identifies the areas where fragility of agriculture and land consumption risk are higher. ILCR is a new instrument of governance to manage green open space in periurban areas where agriculture has particular features due to her relationship with the urban place. This tool could be an important support to policies and institution to planning and government of periurban.

The recognition of the multifunctional character of agriculture and its translation in development projects change the local governance of these projects. Through various international study cases, this paper presents theways of implication agriculture in urban management projects. In these projects, the arena of decisions changes with new stakeholders and new concertation procedures. At first, we will present how the multifunctionality of urban and periurban agriculture is recognized and what is the legitimacy of this type of agriculture in local public policies. In a second part, we will present the translation of urban agriculture functions in town planning documents. In the last part of this paper, we will present the different stakeholders involved in those projects, focusing on the agricultural institutions. ; La reconnaissance de la multifonctionnalité de l'agriculture et sa mise en œuvre explicite dans des projets de développement (urbains ou agricoles) se traduit par des changements dans la gouvernance de ces projets. En s'appuyant sur des études de cas dans différents pays, cet article traite plus spécifiquement des modes d'intégration de l'agriculture aux projets urbains. Dans ce cas, le contenu des projets d'aménagement ainsi que le processus de décision sont modifiés. La prise de décision se complexifie avec l'émergence de nouvelles parties prenantes et le développement des procédures de concertation. Les modes de reconnaissance d'une agriculture urbaine et périurbaine multifonctionnelle et les éléments de la légitimité d'une action publique locale sur cette agriculture sont tout d'abord présentés. La traduction de cette reconnaissance dans la politique d'aménagement (documents d'urbanisme) est abordée. Enfin, nous présentons les acteurs et processus impliqués dans les négociations. C'est dans cette dernière partie que nous analyserons comment la profession agricole participe à l'aménagement des espaces ouverts de la ville.

The recognition of the multifunctional character of agriculture and its translation in development projects change the local governance of these projects. Through various international study cases, this paper presents theways of implication agriculture in urban management projects. In these projects, the arena of decisions changes with new stakeholders and new concertation procedures. At first, we will present how the multifunctionality of urban and periurban agriculture is recognized and what is the legitimacy of this type of agriculture in local public policies. In a second part, we will present the translation of urban agriculture functions in town planning documents. In the last part of this paper, we will present the different stakeholders involved in those projects, focusing on the agricultural institutions. ; La reconnaissance de la multifonctionnalité de l'agriculture et sa mise en œuvre explicite dans des projets de développement (urbains ou agricoles) se traduit par des changements dans la gouvernance de ces projets. En s'appuyant sur des études de cas dans différents pays, cet article traite plus spécifiquement des modes d'intégration de l'agriculture aux projets urbains. Dans ce cas, le contenu des projets d'aménagement ainsi que le processus de décision sont modifiés. La prise de décision se complexifie avec l'émergence de nouvelles parties prenantes et le développement des procédures de concertation. Les modes de reconnaissance d'une agriculture urbaine et périurbaine multifonctionnelle et les éléments de la légitimité d'une action publique locale sur cette agriculture sont tout d'abord présentés. La traduction de cette reconnaissance dans la politique d'aménagement (documents d'urbanisme) est abordée. Enfin, nous présentons les acteurs et processus impliqués dans les négociations. C'est dans cette dernière partie que nous analyserons comment la profession agricole participe à l'aménagement des espaces ouverts de la ville.

The recognition of the multifunctional character of agriculture and its translation in development projects change the local governance of these projects. Through various international study cases, this paper presents theways of implication agriculture in urban management projects. In these projects, the arena of decisions changes with new stakeholders and new concertation procedures. At first, we will present how the multifunctionality of urban and periurban agriculture is recognized and what is the legitimacy of this type of agriculture in local public policies. In a second part, we will present the translation of urban agriculture functions in town planning documents. In the last part of this paper, we will present the different stakeholders involved in those projects, focusing on the agricultural institutions. ; La reconnaissance de la multifonctionnalité de l'agriculture et sa mise en œuvre explicite dans des projets de développement (urbains ou agricoles) se traduit par des changements dans la gouvernance de ces projets. En s'appuyant sur des études de cas dans différents pays, cet article traite plus spécifiquement des modes d'intégration de l'agriculture aux projets urbains. Dans ce cas, le contenu des projets d'aménagement ainsi que le processus de décision sont modifiés. La prise de décision se complexifie avec l'émergence de nouvelles parties prenantes et le développement des procédures de concertation. Les modes de reconnaissance d'une agriculture urbaine et périurbaine multifonctionnelle et les éléments de la légitimité d'une action publique locale sur cette agriculture sont tout d'abord présentés. La traduction de cette reconnaissance dans la politique d'aménagement (documents d'urbanisme) est abordée. Enfin, nous présentons les acteurs et processus impliqués dans les négociations. C'est dans cette dernière partie que nous analyserons comment la profession agricole participe à l'aménagement des espaces ouverts de la ville.

The recognition of the multifunctional character of agriculture and its translation in development projects change the local governance of these projects. Through various international study cases, this paper presents theways of implication agriculture in urban management projects. In these projects, the arena of decisions changes with new stakeholders and new concertation procedures. At first, we will present how the multifunctionality of urban and periurban agriculture is recognized and what is the legitimacy of this type of agriculture in local public policies. In a second part, we will present the translation of urban agriculture functions in town planning documents. In the last part of this paper, we will present the different stakeholders involved in those projects, focusing on the agricultural institutions. ; La reconnaissance de la multifonctionnalité de l'agriculture et sa mise en œuvre explicite dans des projets de développement (urbains ou agricoles) se traduit par des changements dans la gouvernance de ces projets. En s'appuyant sur des études de cas dans différents pays, cet article traite plus spécifiquement des modes d'intégration de l'agriculture aux projets urbains. Dans ce cas, le contenu des projets d'aménagement ainsi que le processus de décision sont modifiés. La prise de décision se complexifie avec l'émergence de nouvelles parties prenantes et le développement des procédures de concertation. Les modes de reconnaissance d'une agriculture urbaine et périurbaine multifonctionnelle et les éléments de la légitimité d'une action publique locale sur cette agriculture sont tout d'abord présentés. La traduction de cette reconnaissance dans la politique d'aménagement (documents d'urbanisme) est abordée. Enfin, nous présentons les acteurs et processus impliqués dans les négociations. C'est dans cette dernière partie que nous analyserons comment la profession agricole participe à l'aménagement des espaces ouverts de la ville.

In dieser Diplomarbeit wurde der Frage nachgegangen, welche Faktoren die Umstellung auf ökologische Landwirtschaft im periurbanen Einzugsgebiet von Valencia (Spanien) beeinflussen. Dabei wurden Hemmnisse und Anreize sowie der Handlungsbedarf für eine Umstellung auf biologischen Landbau erhoben. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte anhand 30 problemzentrierter Interviews mit Experten, Biolandwirten und konventionellen Landwirten. Marktfrucht- und Dauerkulturbetriebe sind die bedeutendsten Betriebsformen im Untersuchungsgebiet. Allen voran wurden mangelnde Information und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit über den Biolandbau als hemmende Faktoren für die Umstellung genannt. Absatzschwierigkeiten im Inland, die Notwendigkeit zum Export und der Wettbewerb zwischen Bioproduzenten erhöhen laut Ansicht der Befragten das wirtschaftliche Risiko der Umstellung. Andere, häufig genannte Hemmnisse für eine Umstellung waren fehlende politische Annerkennung der ökologischen Landwirtschaft, mangelnde finanzielle Förderungen für die Umstellung, die Ausdehnung der Siedlungsfläche sowie die schlecht entwickelte organisatorische und wirtschaftliche Struktur des Biolandbaus in Valencia. Konventionelle Landwirte befürchteten eine Zunahme des Schädlingsdrucks für die Zeit nach der Umstellung. Weitere, weniger häufig genannte Hemmnisse waren das hohe Alter der Landwirte und das Konkurrenzdenken unter Biolandwirten. Es wurde auf die zunehmende Akzeptanz der ökologischen Landwirtschaft in der Bevölkerung hingewiesen. Persönliche Motive waren bei allen befragten Biolandwirten entscheidend für die Umstellung. Handlungsbedarf wurde vor allem bei der Informationsversorgung von Konsumenten und Landwirten gesehen. Die Verbesserung der Vermarktungsstruktur für Bioprodukte und Maßnahmen zur finanziellen Risikominimierung wurden ebenso gefordert wie Veränderungen auf politischer und institutioneller Ebene. Hemmende Faktoren überwogen und minderten die Bereitschaft zur Umstellung auf ökologische Landwirtschaft. ; In this master thesis, the factors influencing the conversion to organic farming in the periurban region of Valencia/Spain were investigated. Barriers and motives for conversion as well as needs for action to develop organic farming were looked at. In the area of research horticulture and permanent crops are prevalent. The inquiry was realized through 30 qualitative Interviews with experts, organic farmers and conventional farmers. The most important barriers for conversion to organic farming were lack of information and public relations on organic farming, problems for the distribution of organic products on the national market, the necessity to export and competition among the organic producers. Other important restraints were lack of political and financial support for organic production, urban encroachment and insufficient economic and organisational structure of the organic sector. Conventional farmers anticipated problems with crop protection. Less frequently mentioned barriers were pesticide drift, the high age of farmers, the competitive mentality among organic farmers and the farm size. Lack of acceptance among the population was mentioned, although experts emphasised the increasing interest in organic production. Personal conviction was important for all organic farmers to convert. Needs for action were mainly seen in the distribution of information and the improvement of commercialization. Measures to reduce the financial risk of conversion as well as changes in political and institutional structures were mentioned as chief requirements for the further development of organic farming. Barriers prevailed and diminished the willingness for conversion to organic farming in the periurban region of Valencia. ; verf. von: Friedrich Leitgeb ; Zsfassung in engl. u. span. Sprache ; Wien, Univ. für Bodenkultur, Dipl.-Arb., 2006 ; OeBB ; (VLID)1035735