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This article focuses on cultural mapping projects as a strategy for urban development. In particular, it analyzes how one of the most important cultural mapping matrices – its participatory mission – can be operationalized. Moving away from other projects where participation is merely rhetoric or is interpreted with little depth (for example, exchange of information, consultation), the public project Manobras no Porto serves to analyze: 1) how a broad and deep concept of participation can be implemented in practice (and under what circumstances can it be successful) and 2) what kind of results can be achieved. In addition to the potential practical interest, the article also aims to contribute to deepening the debate on cultural mapping. The analysis clearly shows that participation involves a large and complex set of motivations and abilities, and that understanding how cultural mapping projects are developed (and their impact on the territory) requires that they be understood as exercises of negotiation between the agents involved.Keywords: cultural mapping, participation, governance, urban development, 'Manobras no Porto' project, PortugalRésumé: Cet article discute de l'importance de la cartographie culturelle en tant que stratégie de développement urbain. En particulier, cet article analyse en quoi la mission participative de la cartographie culturelle peut être opérationnalisée. De plus, cet article prend une distance visà-vis des projets où la participation revêt un caractère strictement rhétorique ou symbolique se limitant à l'échange d'information ou à la consultation et ce, afin d'aborder des expériences où la participation s'exprime de manière plus complète. Afin d'élaborer sur la question, le propos s'appuie sur le projet de Manobras no Porto afin d'analyser : 1) la portée et la profondeur des méthodes de participatives ainsi que les circonstances qui participent à leur succès; 2) le type de résultants auquel l'on peut s'attendre. En plus des enjeux pratiques soulevés par cette étude, cet article vise à contribuer à l'approfondissement théorique de la question de la cartographie culturelle. L'analyse met clairement en évidence la diversité des aptitudes et motivations découlant de la participation à la cartographie culturelle. Il devient alors essentiel que le sens et les enjeux de la cartographie culturelle soient négociés par les acteurs concernés.Mots clé: cartographie culturelle, participation, gouvernance, développement urbain, projet 'Manobras no Porto', Portugal

The article presents the international experience of overcoming opportunistic behavior of employees at organizations based on engaging them in management. Opportunistic behavior refers to situations in which employees allow themselves to gain something at the expense of the other side acting in an unprincipled, cunning, and fraudulent manner. In foreign countries, various approaches are used to overcome the opportunistic behavior of employees and, above all, through state support at the level of legislation, and through special conditions for enterprises in which employees share in the ownership on the means of production. The European Union, the USA, China, and other countries are interested in creating such enterprises in order to stimulate economic development. This will help reduce social tension, income inequality, provide new jobs, improve social support for the population, the state of the environment and natural resources, and stimulate scientific and technological progress.The article describes the existing in foreign companies models of employee participation in management in order to overcome opportunistic behavior of employees. It also presents options for participatory personnel management, with the help of which company management neutralizes manifestations of opportunistic behavior of employees. The study results in proposing the adaptation of foreign experience, as well as theoretical and practical developments for their application in the conditions of Russian enterprises. ; В статье представлен международный опыт преодоления оппортунистического поведения работников организаций на основе привлечения их к участию в управлении. К оппортунистическому поведению относятся ситуации, когда работник позволяет приобретать выгоды за счет другой стороны, действуя при этом беспринципно, хитроумно, и мошеннически. В зарубежных странах используются различные подходы для преодоления оппортунистического поведения работников и прежде всего, через законодательную деятельность государства, через особые условия для организаций, в которых работники участвуют в собственности на средства производства. Государства ЕС, США, Китая и других стран заинтересованы в создании таких организаций с тем, чтобы стимулировать экономическое развитие. Это позволит снизить социальную напряженность, отношения неравенства в доходах, обеспечить новые рабочие места, улучшить социальную поддержку населения, состояние окружающей среды и природных ресурсов, стимулировать НТП.В статье дана характеристика существующих в зарубежных компаниях моделей участия работников в управлении с целью преодоления оппортунистического поведения работников, представлены варианты партисипативного управления персоналом, с помощью которого руководство компаний нейтрализует проявления оппортунистического поведения работников. Результатом исследования являются предложения по адаптации зарубежного опыта, теоретических и практических наработок для их применения в условиях российских организаций

In India, the appeal of worker participation has derived from the utopian premises of the Indian develop ment model with its promise of rational planning and demo cratic processes. The former strengthened the directive role of the government while the latter served as the medium of interest-group mobilization and mediation. Whatever positive role one may attribute to these, in the absence of other structural changes they had, at best, negligible or un certain consequences in terms of favoring worker participa tion in management. One reason for this is that the cultural and economic distances between management and labor were great, with little to take the place of weakened tradi tional authority structures. The government scheme for worker participation, although beset by weaknesses, failed largely because the external environment was inhospitable, and one may expect this to continue into the foreseeable future. The Indian Emergency of 1975 signaled a dramatic change, with a more explicitly top-directed scheme. If made permanent, this would move Indian practice closer to that of the Communist countries, with an integrated structure of economic and industrial authority and provision for modest but subordinate labor inputs in the decision-making process.

Cases of animal cruelty are on the increase all over the world. Cruelty in dogs is mostly perpetrated by dog owners and those in the neighborhood. This could be intentional or unintentional. Studies have suggested that persons who are cruel to animals are linked to one form of violence or the other. Adequate legislation, education and psychological counseling of people involved in acts of cruelty to animals are some of the approaches to curb violence to animals. The case report presented here centers on an injury inflicted on a dog that strayed from the home for 5 days and how the wound was managed.

Although marketing is related to a management perspective, this field of study have suffered changes in order to provide a better balance to the exchange system. The social marketing appears in this context as an important tool capable to correct these socials imbalances, in some cases, caused by the existence of harmful products and services to the consumer, as the alcohol and tobacco. The aim of this study was to evaluate behavioral and social conditions that lead people to smoke. By doing so, it was developed a literature review about Social Marketing and about tobacco consumption, which revealed the main factors influencing people to smoke. At the empirical work, it was used the Reasons for Smoking Scale, developed by Sousa et al. (2010) at the University of São Paulo (USP). The results were achieved through quantitative approaches, with SPSS 21 support. The field research to collect data was held in three cities of the state of Ceará – Brazil (Juazeiro do Norte, Crato e Barbalha), totalizing 103 valid responses, which demonstrated a great reliability of the scale (α=0.91)

Vorwort Festschriften haben innerhalb des Wissenschaftsbetriebs nicht nur eine lange Tra- tion, sie erfüllen auch vielfältige zentrale Funktionen. Im Rahmen von Festschriften ist es Herausgebern und Autoren ein Anliegen, verdienten Persönlichkeiten der - weiligen akademischen Disziplin eine Freude zu bereiten und ihnen die gebührende Ehre zuteil werden zu lassen. Festschriften dienen jedoch auch dazu, Beiträge zu einem spezifischen Thema - in der Regel aus verschiedenen Perspektiven - zu v- einen, sie einer interessierten Leserschaft zugänglich zu machen und zum wiss- schaftlichen Fortschritt

The participation of Nicaraguan workers in the management of pub licly owned enterprises, known as the Area de Propriedad del Pueblo (APP), is one important aspect of the democratization of social life that began with the triumph of the revolution and is transforming the relations of production. This democratization has allowed the organized participa tion of the public in the government and in production, which in turn has changed the distribution of national income, transfering to the popular classes goods and resources that were previously consumed exclusively by a few capitalists. Workers' experiences in management began during the liberation war, when the Somoza family, the military, and owners who supported the regime abandoned their properties in those zones where the National Guard had lost military control.

Conflict is an unavoidable but potentially productive part of human behavior. When managed effectively, conflict can lead to satisfaction with goals attained, more creative "solutions," and enhanced commit ment to relationships. This article describes a variety of approaches to conflict management, categorizes them, and discusses the similarities of and contributions made by a few widely used models. Detailed descrip tions are given of models that convert conflicts into problems to which problem-solving techniques can be applied.