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Not Available ; This book contains the compiled lectures delivered during the training course on Epidemiology diagnosis and control of haemoprotozoan parasitic diseases held at National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics Bengaluru during 10-19th January 2014 for the Veterinary Officers of Department of Animal Husbandry Livestock Fisheries and Veterinary Services Government of Sikkim. ; Not Available

Vector-borne diseases (VBD) transmitted by arthropods are responsible for over 1 billion cases and 1 million deaths every year, corresponding to at least 17% of all infectious diseases in human populations [1]. Among them, we can find malaria, leishmaniasis, onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, Chagas disease, and African trypanosomiases, as well as several arboviral diseases (arthropod-borne virus) such as dengue and Zika virus. Some of these have reemerged in new parts of the world and have become a topic of growing importance in public health and in political and scientific agendas [2]. Several factors are contributing towards the reemergence of VBDs. On the one hand, the spread of resistance to drugs in pathogens has become a major obstacle for the effective treatment of some VBDs [3], and the emergence of new strains of arboviruses (e.g., Zika virus in Brazil) has created new challenges for health care systems [4]. On the other hand, an increase in insecticide resistance is threatening the sustainability of vector control programmes in several tropical regions [5]. Additionally, the expansion of different vector populations due to climate change is becoming a growing concern in temperate countries, where vector control programs have been discontinuous for almost 50 years [6, 7]. The scientific community has been trying to overcome these challenges by creating new strategies and tools to improve the diagnosis and treatment of VBDs and by developing new methodologies and targets for vector control campaigns. This special issue of BioMed Research International compiles nine topical articles that explore recent advances in research of an eclectic range of pathogens, vectors, and human diseases affecting several regions of the world. ; publishersversion ; published

The purpose of this study is to study the parasitic-zoonotic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in goats in Gorontalo District. The results of this study in the long term are expected to contribute to the Gorontalo regional government in the development of the livestock sector, especially in terms of handling diseases in goats and anticipating the presence of goats.

Cooking and heating remain the most energy intensive activities among the world's poor, and thus improved access to clean energies for these tasks has been highlighted as a key requirement of attaining the major objectives of the UN Millennium Development Goals. A move towards clean energy technologies such as biogas systems (which produce methane from human and animal waste) has the potential to provide immediate benefits for the control of neglected tropical diseases. Here, an assessment of the parasitic disease and energy benefits of biogas systems in Sichuan Province, China, is presented, highlighting how the public health sector can leverage the proliferation of rural energy projects for infectious disease control. Methodology/Findings: First, the effectiveness of biogas systems at inactivating and removing ova of the human parasite Schistosoma japonicum is experimentally evaluated. Second, the impact of biogas infrastructure on energy use and environmental quality as reported by surveyed village populations is assessed, as is the community acceptance of the technology. No viable eggs were recovered in the effluent collected weekly from biogas systems for two months following seeding with infected stool. Less than 1% of ova were recovered viable from a series of nylon bags seeded with ova, a 2-log removal attributable to biochemical inactivation. More than 90% of Ascaris lumbricoides ova (used as a proxy for S. japonicum ova) counted at the influent of two biogas systems were removed in the systems when adjusted for system residence time, an approximate 1-log removal attributable to sedimentation. Combined, these inactivation/removal processes underscore the promise of biogas infrastructure for reducing parasite contamination resulting from nightsoil use. When interviewed an average of 4 years after construction, villagers attributed large changes in fuel usage to the installation of biogas systems. Household coal usage decreased by 68%, wood by 74%, and crop waste by 6%. With reported energy savings valued at roughly 600 CNY per year, 2–3 years were required to recoup the capital costs of biogas systems. In villages without subsidies, no new biogas systems were implemented. Conclusions: Sustainable strategies that integrate rural energy needs and sanitation offer tremendous promise for long-term control of parasitic diseases, while simultaneously reducing energy costs and improving quality of life. Government policies can enhance the financial viability of such strategies by introducing fiscal incentives for joint sanitation/sustainable energy projects, along with their associated public outreach and education programs.

"The U.S. President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) is a U.S. Government initiative established in 2005 to cut malaria deaths by scaling up proven interventions in 15 target countries in Africa, where malaria exacts its worst toll. Now a key component of the U.S. Global Health Initiative, PMI is expanding to new countries and plans to reach approximately 450 million people, or about 70 percent of the at-risk populations of sub-Saharan Africa, by 2015. Its goals are ambitious: To cut malaria illnesses and deaths by 70% in the 15 original countries, and by 50% in new target countries. PMI is an interagency initiative led by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented together with CDC. PMI is one part of CDC's global malaria portfolio, which spans policy development, program guidance and support, scientific research, and monitoring and evaluating progress toward global malaria goals." - p. 1 ; 11/24/2010: date from document properties. ; "CS214698."