Suchergebnisse

In the spring of 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic situation put everyone in a particularly difficult situation in all areas of life. Those working in education had to implement their courses online overnight, which until then had been mostly, or even exclusively, offline in the classroom. This challenge also put colleagues teaching robot programming in a difficult situation. At the Károly Róbert Campus and its predecessor institutions, we have been dealing with students studying information technology for almost a decade and a half. We teach subjects related to robotics as optional subjects in the Business Informatics BSc course launched in 2010, and as compulsory subjects in the higher education program for Computer Science running since 2019. In our study, we compare the robotics education implemented in the higher education program for Computer Science in an online and offline environment. We present in detail how the subjects "Methodological Basics of Programming" (first semester) and "Basics of Robotics" (third semester) were implemented before (offline) and during (online) the Covid-19 pandemic. At the end of our investigations, we make conclusions and suggestions about the most important actions after the end of the epidemic situation, how we can prepare with our subjects taught for the situation, if everyday life and the educational environment were to change similarly drastically.

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Online-Demographie in Russland und deren Bedeutung für Offline-Protest und politische Reformen. Die Vorteile des Internet und der sozialen Medien für gesellschaftliche Bewegungen sind klar und unbestritten. Sie bieten eine Plattform zur Verbreitung von Informationen sowie zur Organisierung von Offline-Protesten. Die Verbindung von Online-Engagement und Offline-Engagement in Form von Straßenprotesten wirft die Frage auf, ob wir einen gesellschaftlichen Aufbruch erleben, der zu einem weitreichenden Wandel führt. Die Antwort des Staates erfolgte allerdings schnell, sie war repressiv und hat der Durchschnittsbevölkerung in Russland Angst eingeflößt. Die Agenda der Reformer wurde abgewürgt. Trotzdem könnte für Reformkräfte auch in Zukunft Online-Engagement das beste der zur Verfügung stehenden Instrumente sein.

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Online-Demographie in Russland und deren Bedeutung für Offline-Protest und politische Reformen. Die Vorteile des Internet und der sozialen Medien für gesellschaftliche Bewegungen sind klar und unbestritten. Sie bieten eine Plattform zur Verbreitung von Informationen sowie zur Organisierung von Offline-Protesten. Die Verbindung von Online-Engagement und Offline-Engagement in Form von Straßenprotesten wirft die Frage auf, ob wir einen gesellschaftlichen Aufbruch erleben, der zu einem weitreichenden Wandel führt. Die Antwort des Staates erfolgte allerdings schnell, sie war repressiv und hat der Durchschnittsbevölkerung in Russland Angst eingeflößt. Die Agenda der Reformer wurde abgewürgt. Trotzdem könnte für Reformkräfte auch in Zukunft Online-Engagement das beste der zur Verfügung stehenden Instrumente sein.

While the online and offline realms continue to converge, this piece argues that a significant cognitive divide remains. This is especially the case as regards the use of social media. The structural mechanisms of these platforms encourage (and even propel) speech, which facilitates a unique cognitive environment for users; an atmosphere where individuals tend to be much more likely to engage in speech than in the physical realm. Many argue that such disinhibition is due to anonymity, but research has demonstrated that it is a more complex picture than previously believed. For the most part the law has ignored these distinct online characteristics, treating speech over social media as if it were "café" or "pub talk". In fact most of the current UK legislation used to regulate speech over the internet, including of course speech over social media, was enacted before these neoteric services came into existence. While prosecution guidelines throughout the UK have been updated to include social media considerations, it is highly debateable as to whether they have proven effective in recognising social media as a unique cognitive environment. And although policies based around technological neutrality remain increasingly attractive to law-makers, especially as the online and offline realms become less distinct, it is important to remember that law cannot properly operate based on such real or perceived eventualities.

Das Internet ist stark durch Wettbewerb zwischen Plattformen geprägt, welche potenzielle Tauschpartner zusammenbringen. Die Konkurrenz zwischen solchen mehrseitigen Plattformen und die Marktkonzentration wird maßgeblich bestimmt durch (1) die Stärke der indirekten Netzeffekte, (2) das Ausmaß steigender Skaleneffekte, (3) Überlastungsgefahren, (4) Differenzierung der Plattformen und (5) die Möglichkeit des sogenannten Multihoming. Je nach Ausprägung dieser Faktoren ergeben sich unterschiedliche Konzentrationstendenzen und Markteintrittsbarrieren. Pauschal lässt sich zwar nicht feststellen, dass im Internet besonders viele dauerhaft resistente Monopole anzutreffen wären und ein besonderer Regulierungsbedarf besteht. Gleichwohl zeigt sich, dass einzelne Plattformen wie z.B. ebay auf manchen Märkten durchaus beträchtliche Marktmacht besitzen, die aufgrund erheblicher Markteintrittsbarrieren auch nicht schnell erodieren wird. ; The Internet is characterized by competition between platforms which bring together potential partners of exchange. The degree of competition between these multi-sided platforms und market concentration are determined through (1) the strength of the direct and indirect network effects, (2) the extent of economies of scale, (3) the risk of congestition, (4) platform differentiation, and (5) the possibility of multi-homing. Depending on these factors different market concentrations and barriers to entry result. While there is no general tendency for concentration in the Internet and no general need for special market regulation of online content providers and intermediaries, single platforms may still have long lasting and significant market power which is unlikely to erode fastly, as the example of ebay illustrate.

In this paper, I reflect on the transfer of problem-centered interviews to a digital setting. I will compare 26 online interviews with six face-to-face interviews, elaborating on respective advantages and disadvantages. The reflection is based on the specific characteristics of problem-centered interviews as well as criteria of qualitative research. Opportunities and limitations of online interviews are discussed, and I will give recommendations for future research which can help conducting problem-centered interviews online. The field phase showed that online situations can be effective for problem-centered interviews and could even strengthen research premises. The shift from problem-centered interviews to a digital setting should also be considered, and needs to be adapted to the interviewees and the research focus.