Suchergebnisse

This thesis examines the law and practice concerning two key policies directed at asylum seekers who arrive or attempt to arrive in Australia by boat; immigration detention and offshore processing. It is comprised of four parts. Part 1 provides an overview of the thesis, consolidating the published material with reference to political theory. A summary of the chapters is provided in Part II. Part III considers the contribution maoe by my work to the literature on asylum seeker policy in Australia. The main body of the thesis is contained in Part IV, which is comprised of 11 papers published between 2004 and 2013. ·

In order to protect offshore installations and reduce the risk of accidents, which results in marine pollution, certain areas around offshore installations are designated as exclusion zones and precautionary areas. Article 60 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) of 1982 recognizes the right of coastal states to establish exclusion zones around offshore installations. These zones should extend to a distance not exceeding 500 m from each point of the outer edge of the installation. Also, Resolution A.671(16) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) (Safety Zones and Safety of Navigation around Offshore Installations and Structures) recommends that governments consider, amongst other things, the establishment of safety zones around offshore installations or structures as well as the establishment and charting of fairways or routing systems through exploration areas. In this regard, this study analyzes the effectiveness of the safety zones prescribed by law in protecting oil installations. It concludes that although UNCLOS 1982 does not stipulate the establishment of safety zones around offshore installations constructed in the territorial sea, the coastal state has a right to establish safety zones in such locations, and its radius may extend beyond 500 m if it is necessary to protect the offshore installation in the territorial sea.

Floating wind foundations could unlock offshore wind power generation in deeper and more remote waters. This report examines how quickly floating wind is progressing towards becoming a key contributor to the global electricity supply mix. It contains a special focus on developments in the UK and Scotland, uncovering challenges that could undermine the growth of floating wind, as well as policy recommendations to overcome these. The floating wind market is growing steadily, expanding from almost zero installed capacity in 2008 to 57 MW in 2018. Looking forward, there is an impressive pipeline of projects for future deployment. By 2030, global capacity of floating wind could be as high as 4.3 GW. Deployment of installed capacity has to date been dominated by the UK and Japan, and the vast majority of these foundations have been designed and developed by companies in Norway and Japan. New entrants, most notably the USA and France, are expected to challenge for leadership in both deployment and design. Whilst SMEs have played a central role in driving growth in the sector, multi-national energy firms are investing heavily in floating wind deployment and design. These include: (1) oil and gas majors; (2) energy utilities; and (3) Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). Floating wind rated turbine capacity more than tripled and hub height almost doubled between 2008–13 and 2013–18. However, the majority of projects remain single-turbine demonstration projects, with just one array deployed. During the same period, the projects' distance from shore has doubled to average 11km but their depth has increased by just 7%. However, at an average depth of 65m, projects are operating in waters deeper than most bottom-fixed foundations are economically capable of. The UK is the world leader in floating wind deployment, with 56% of global capacity. Retaining this future lead will, however, be likely to depend on it retaining an open trading relationship with the EU, a relationship that it has depended on heavily to deliver its ...

Offshore oil drilling—an energy extraction process that removes petroleum from beneath the seabed—is a growing controversial issue worldwide and within the United States (Jones, 2018). This controversy manifests itself through the differences in public perceptions of offshore drilling among coastal states. Local media sources play an important role in identifying and reinforcing these perceptions. Existing research on state news media portrayal of oil and gas production suggests that factors such as political affiliation, geographical distance, and economic factors shape the perceptions that are portrayed through media. However, this body of literature has not specifically addressed the portrayal of offshore oil drilling in U.S. coastal states, despite offshore drilling's influential role in the fossil fuel industry. This study employs an in-depth content analysis of newspaper articles from six different regional newspapers in California and Louisiana to explore how media portrayal of offshore oil drilling differs between the two states. A total of 67 articles were analyzed and examined for statements that related to the study's categorical themes. The results showed that California newspapers were more likely to negatively represent offshore drilling through the discussion of its harm to the environment while Louisiana newspapers were more likely to negatively represent offshore drilling through the discussion of its economic benefits. Given the influence newspapers often have on public awareness and opinions, the inherent disparities between California and Louisiana newspapers contribute to polarizing opinions among Americans on offshore oil drilling.

The construction, operation and dismantling of offshore wind farms generate noise both above and under water that may be of environmental concern. The maximum detected sound power level of the above water pin piling noise for example, reached 145 dB(A), while the operational sound power level amounted to 105-115 dB(A) at high wind speed. Underwater construction noise was close to ambient noise levels for gravity based foundations (about 115 dB re 1 µPa RMS), while pin piling and especially monopile piling produced excessive levels of underwater noise up to 194 dB re 1 µPa (zero to peak level at 750m), attenuating to ambient noise levels at a distance of up to 70 km. Whether or not such noise levels are to be considered acceptable will depend on the future implementation of proposed regulations into the Belgian legislation.

Economists have argued that outsourcing is another form of international trade. However, based on a representative national survey of Americans conducted in 2007 and 2009, the distribution of preferences on these two issues appears to be quite different. This article examines the origins of attitudes toward outsourcing, focusing on the extent to which it reflects (1) the economic vulnerabilities of individuals; (2) the information they receive about outsourcing, including their subjective understanding of what constitutes outsourcing; and (3) noneconomic attitudes toward foreign people and foreign countries. The findings emphasize the importance of variations in understandings of the term, as well as the highly symbolic nature of attitudes toward this issue. Individuals who believe the US should distance itself from international affairs more generally, who are nationalistic, or who feel that members of other ethnic and racial groups within the US are less praiseworthy than their own group tend to have particularly hostile reactions to outsourcing. The informational cues people receive are also important influences on their understanding of and attitudes toward outsourcing. Experimental results further emphasize the symbolic nature of attitudes toward outsourcing. Taken together, the results strongly suggest that attitudes are shaped less by the economic consequences of outsourcing than by a sense of "us" versus "them."

Economists have argued that outsourcing is another form of international trade. However, based on a representative national survey of Americans conducted in 2007 and 2009, the distribution of preferences on these two issues appears to be quite different. This article examines the origins of attitudes toward outsourcing, focusing on the extent to which it reflects (1) the economic vulnerabilities of individuals; (2) the information they receive about outsourcing, including their subjective understanding of what constitutes outsourcing; and (3) noneconomic attitudes toward foreign people and foreign countries. The findings emphasize the importance of variations in understandings of the term, as well as the highly symbolic nature of attitudes toward this issue. Individuals who believe the US should distance itself from international affairs more generally, who are nationalistic, or who feel that members of other ethnic and racial groups within the US are less praiseworthy than their own group tend to have particularly hostile reactions to outsourcing. The informational cues people receive are also important influences on their understanding of and attitudes toward outsourcing. Experimental results further emphasize the symbolic nature of attitudes toward outsourcing. Taken together, the results strongly suggest that attitudes are shaped less by the economic consequences of outsourcing than by a sense of "us" versus "them." (World Politics / SWP)

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework that incorporates both firm- and process-level factors for understanding location distance choice in the business process outsourcing (BPO) decision.


Design/methodology/approach
The research involved undertaking in-depth case study analysis of a number of BPO decisions in six German companies, and employing transaction cost economics (TCE) and the resource-based view (RBV) as a theoretical basis.


Findings
The findings have shown that existing literature in the operations management (OM) literature does not provide a complete understanding of the complexities of location distance choice in the BPO decision. This decision requires an understanding of a range of factors at both the firm- and process-level. The findings here enhance the understanding of how these factors interact to influence the potential distance options.


Practical implications
The findings have shown how organisations can influence the factors that affect the location distance choice including modularising business processes, developing outsourcing capabilities, and supplementing internal skills in areas such as cultural management and performance monitoring.


Originality/value
This is one of the first studies in the OM field to analyse how organisations make the decision in relation to local, nearshore, and offshore location distance options. The paper has highlighted the importance of OM concepts such as performance management and continuous improvement to this phenomenon, and the paper has offered a number of important areas for further research.