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In this paper, we study non‐parametric estimation of the Lévy density for pure jump Lévy processes. We consider n discrete time observations that may be irregularly sampled or possibly corrupted by a small noise independent of the main process. The case of non‐noisy observations with regular sampling interval has been studied by the authors in previous works which are the benchmark for the extensions proposed here. We study first the case of a regular sampling interval and noisy data, then the case of irregular sampling for non‐noisy data. In each case, non adaptive and adaptive estimators are proposed and risk bounds are derived.

The paper is aimed to analyse the efficacy of government expenditure on secondary education in Purulia district of West- Bengal, India. Efficacy relates the input or the output to the final objectives of the analysis to be achieved, i.e. the outcome. Education facility is mainly a mixed good which is partly excludable and partly rivalry. India has been suffering from poverty and illiteracy problem for decades. Illiteracy and low level of education is a factor for widespread poverty in India. Among the education system, secondary education plays a crucial role to enhance the human development level which ultimately contributes in development process. So, government should give emphasis on secondary education and it should be concerned about the efficacy of the government expenditure on secondary education. As in the present scenario, the structural adjustment policy (SAP) leads to some sort of cut back on expenditure on education. This study first calculates the technical efficiency as well as the scale efficiency of government expenditure on secondary education of school using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), then categorize the schools into low, moderate and high according to the value of technical efficiency and scale efficiency based on three models (i) considering all inputs (Teacher Student Ratio, Expenditure per Student, % of Students belong to SC, % of Students belong to ST, % of Students belong to OBC, % of Teacher with Professional Qualification, Student- Classroom Ratio, % of Girl's Student Enrolment) (ii) considering prime two inputs (Student-Teacher Ratio and Expenditure per Student) and (iii) considering only one input (Expenditure per Student) and try to find out the reason of differences in efficiency. The common set of schools from High, Moderate and Low efficiency schools considering above said three models are further analysed with the primary data collected from the student sets to analyse whether the school efficiency affect the student's individual performance or not with the help of ...

The technical efficiency of small firms is central to the debate about the role of small-scale industries in generating growth and employment in developing economies. Some studies find small firms to be more efficient than large firms in some industrial sectors but not in others, while other studies find them to be less efficient overall. This paper focuses on agricultural enterprises in the northern part of Spain. It compares the distributions of efficiency and identifies most important correlates. It can have important implications for political decisions because this mixed evidence sends conflicting signals to policy makers. It also studies the variation across the two principal forms of business organization focused on ownership, cooperative and corporate firms. Variation in the efficiency may take place between firms that are organised in different ways and result in changes from one form of business organisation to another. This analysis allows us to know what firms are most efficient in the sector considered. Non-parametrical techniques are used in the analysis, concretely Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Highly efficient firms have distinct characteristics that distinguish them from inefficient firms: investments in technology, workforce, automation, organizational practices. . . This analysis allows us to know what firms are most efficient in the sector considered if so why.

AbstractKnight, Li, and Yuan (1999) have developed a non‐parametric procedure for estimating diffusion functions in a general multivariate diffusion process. We apply this estimation procedure to a two‐factor term structure model. Furthermore, under this two‐factor term structure model, we propose and perform a numerical procedure, the Monte Carlo simulation procedure, to value interest rate derivative securities. The results are compared with those calculated under an alternative parametric model and show significant differences.RésuméKnight, Li, et Yuan (1999) ont développé une procédure non‐paramétrique pour estimer des functions de diffusion d'un processus de diffusion multivarié général. Nous appliquons cette procédure d'estimation à un modèle de structure à terme à deux facteurs. De plus, pour ce modèle, nous proposons et utilisons une procédure numérique, la procédure de simulation de Monte Carlo, pour évaluer des produits dérivés de taux d'intérět. Les résultats sont comparés avec ceux calculés au moyen d'un modèle paramétrique alternatif, et des différences significatives sont obtenues.