Suchergebnisse

Wir Menschen beeinflussen unsere Umwelt auf verschiedenste Art und Weise. Dass dies nicht immer zu Gunsten der Umwelt ist, sollte mittlerweile jedem klar sein. Eine der großen Beeinflussungen der Umwelt durch uns Menschen findet in der Landwirtschaft statt, diese sind jedoch nicht immer direkt erkennbar. Im Laufe der Zeit haben sich jedoch auch in der Landwirtschaft Methoden herausgebildet, die einen nicht so negativen Einfluss auf die Umwelt haben, vor allem durch Einsparen von Chemikalien und dem Verhindern des Austrocknens von Böden.Eine dieser Methoden heißt "No till", hierbei verzichtet man auf den Pflug und sät die Samen direkt in die Erde, indem man diese zuvor leicht öffnet und danach wieder verschließt. Außerdem werden nach der Ernte so schnell wie möglich Zwischenfrüchte gesät, denn aus bedecktem Boden verdunstet weniger Wasser, dadurch ist auch in Dürrezeiten genug Wasser vorhanden. Dieses Verfahren fördert auch die Biodiversität im Boden, sodass diese fast genauso gut sein kann wie beim Bio-Anbau und viel besser als bei der herkömmlichen Landwirtschaft.QuellenAgrarheute: https://www.agrarheute.com/pflanze/ackern-duerre-landwirt-wasser-spart-572585SWISS NO-TILL Deutsch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDw7zaqeskk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BV8pypDEbYUnser Land: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2iiakU1CCKA

In general, the technical and agronomic benefits of no-till farming are widely known and well documented in the literature. However, studies focusing on the economics of no-tillage are scarce. In this context, the objective of this study is to determine whether no-till grain production systems that follow the principles of conservation agriculture are economically profitable by analyzing gross margins per hectare per year over six harvests for the agricultural years 1998/1999 to 2003/2004. In addition, a possible link between profitability and different no-till methods in terms of degree of soil turnover, crop rotation, and whether machinery used in agricultural operations is owned or rented is investigated. For this purpose, the multi-case analytical method was applied to thirteen grain producing family farms in Northern Paraná state, Brazil. Based on the results, two ranges of agricultural production variable costs and gross margins were identified. Higher gross margins were associated with longer use of the no-till system, ownership of machinery and equipment, specialization in grains, rotation of the commercial crops used, and higher variable costs. Lower gross margins were associated with outsourcing of sowing, small-scale cropping, and lack of crop rotation. It is concluded that family mechanized no-till systems of grain production in north Paraná are profitable.

No-till is a brand-new production system. Implementation of this technology carries out in economy of area of radioactive pollution Governmental Company "Grozynske" by researching indices of the density of soils and reserves of soil moist.In the period of seeding of winter wheat, we found a clear dependence of density of soil on the system of processing it. After traditional technology of processing the seeding layer of density of soil was in limits of 1,06–1,10 g/cm3. At no mechanical processing of soil, the average value of this index totaled 1,20 g/cm3 with insignificant variety, which significantly exceeds this index comparing with the variant of traditional technology.However, the increase of density had no negative impact onto well-timed appearance of young plants. This certifies on efficient level of aeration and that such density of the soil of seeding layer does not create a mechanical obstacle for wheat plants.Natural factors of autumn-winter period always affect agrarian and physical indices of fertility of the soil. The indices of density of soil and reserves of available moist in the period of spring tillering of wheat certify on the following: preserved regularity of increase of density index with a depth at traditional technology of processing soil and its decrease – to zero.Analyzing the density of arable layer of soil and reserves of moist in the period of harvesting winter wheat, we can highlight the fact that the index of density tends to lowering, and the index of available moist – to the increase.The conclusion is that if permanently leave residues of plants on the surface of plants and avoid mechanical processing, the physical condition of top layers of soil shall improve. At traditional technology such regularity is not distinguished. ; Рассмотрены показатели запасов почвенной влаги, плотности почвы и урожайности озимой пшеницы при сравнении традиционной и минимизированной технологий обработки. Доказано, что введение технологии No-till уменьшит антропогенную нагрузку на агроэкосистемы, снизит энергозатраты, увеличит урожайность и улучшит экологическую ситуацию. ; Розглянуто показники запасів ґрунтової вологи, щільності ґрунту та врожайності пшениці озимої при порівнянні традиційної та мінімізованої технологій обробітку. Доведено, що запровадження технології No-till зменшить антропогенне навантаження на агроекосистеми, знизить енергозатрати, збільшить врожайність та поліпшить екологічну ситуацію.

Abstract The extensive sociological studies of conservation agriculture have provided considerable understanding of farmers' use of conservation practices, but attempts to develop predictive models have failed. Reviews of research findings question the utility of the conceptual and methodological perspectives of prior research. The argument advanced here is that actor‐network theory is useful in analyzing conservation agriculture as a radically different agriculture: a new paradigm with new beliefs about soils, plants, the environment, and farmers themselves as well as new crop production systems. The new indigenous cultures of conservation tillage and cropping are innovative products of social networks that join farmland, farmers, farm advisors, and farm supply representatives in new ways. The spread of conservation agriculture has occurred as the result both of new agricultural science of conservation tillage and cropping and the spread of these new networks and their innovative cropping systems.

Front Cover -- Copyright Page -- Title Page -- Contents -- FOREWORD -- NO-DIG GARDENING-THIS IS HOW IT'S DONE -- Put away the spade -- Never ever leave the soil bare -- Climate smart and economical -- The role models -- LET'S GET STARTED! -- Laying down No-Dig beds -- Compost bed -- Lasagna bed -- Hügel bed -- Pallet collar-a smaller-sized No-Dig bed -- Weed-free paths -- TOOLS -- Good-to-have equipment for No-Dig gardening -- Choose the right tools -- NO-DIG GARDENING METHOD APPLIED -- Indoor seed starting-start early and continue a long time -- Direct sowing-straight into the garden bed -- Crop rotation -- Climate-smart perennials -- Care -- Garden beds-specific care -- MAXIMIZED HARVESTS -- Plant spacing -- Staggered planting -- Companion planting and interplanting -- Cluster planting -- Sow fewer but frequently -- Succession planting for multiple harvests -- Long-lived greens-leaf by leaf -- Leafy greens that regrow after harvest -- Fall and winter growing -- Harvest at the right time -- Make space for new crops -- Messy bed = humus-rich soil -- Growing frames and greenhouses -- COVER/MULCHING MATERIALS & -- COMPOST -- Cover/mulching material for humus and nutrition -- Mulch materials-varieties, properties and use -- Compost-bedded down for comfortable growing -- Compost-varieties, properties, and how to create them -- NUTRITION -- Fertilizers-kinds and their effects -- Biochar-nutrition-loaded soil amendment -- Nutrients and how they work -- Nutritional problems-signs and treatments -- SOIL ORGANISMS-THE GARDENER'S TEAMMATES -- Life underground -- The nutritional network cycle -- Mycorrhiza-a vital network -- The importance of pH -- GEOLOGY -- This is the soil's physical structure -- VEGETABLE FAVORITES -- Annuals-for big and dependable crops -- Perennials-easy care and a long season -- POLLINATION & -- FLOWERS.

Abstract
Background
Nutrient balance in rice paddy fields can change under different tillage management practices; however, the extent of the change may differ for various rice varieties. A field experiment was conducted over 2 successive years to clarify the effects of no-till and rice varieties on the apparent balance of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Four treatments: no-till/japonica rice (NTJ), no-till/glutinous rice (NTG), conventional tillage/japonica rice (CTJ), and conventional tillage/glutinous rice (CTG) with three replicates of each were established to test the hypothesis that no-till and japonica rice can improve the apparent balance of nutrients.

Results
The tillage method and rice variety had interactive effects on the apparent balance of N and P. After the 2-year experiment, total N and P pools in the 20 cm surface soil layer were highest under the NTJ treatment (4757.0 kg N ha−1, 2428.5 kg P ha−1) and lowest under the CTG treatments (4726.3 kg N ha−1, 2412.0 kg P ha−1). Under no-till conditions, japonica rice had higher grain yield but lower straw biomass than that of glutinous rice. NTG treatment significantly increased the N and P content in rice grains and straw. The environmental losses of N and P in the rice fields mainly occurred during the rice season. Based on nutrient balance estimation, N losses in the NTJ, NTG, and CTJ treatments were reduced by 15.03 kg N ha−1, 11.55 kg N ha−1, 6.72 kg N ha−1, respectively, as compared with that of the CTG treatment. The corresponding P losses were reduced by 8.02 kg P ha−1, 7.84 kg P ha−1, and 3.96 kg P ha−1. In terms of economic benefits, NTJ also resulted in the highest actual income (2724.25 US dollars) and the highest ratio of production investment (6.40).

Conclusion
No-till was more likely to maintain soil N and P nutrients than conventional tillage, and this advantage was most significant when planting japonica rice. In addition, no-till was conducive to N and P uptake by rice, but only japonica rice exhibited increased grain yield. Consequently, the NTJ treatment was recommended to improve the N and P balance.

Practical No-Till Farming is the ultimate guide to getting started with organic no-till growing methods. Coverage includes pros and cons of different no-till methods, customizing no-till for your farm, detailed how-to for each method, relative costs, handling pernicious weeds, and boosting soil health and crop yield.

Mineralization of organic residues deposited on the soil surface in a no-till system (NT) maintains a continuous flow of different forms of carbon (C), which might interfere with densimetric fractions of soil organic matter (SOM). Currently, there are few studies on variations in these fractions in NT areas with different deployment times in the Cerrado region. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the total C, nitrogen (N), and 13C in the soil, as well as to quantify the mass and contents of C, N, and 13C in the light and heavy fractions of SOM extracted using different solutions (water, sodium iodide [NaI], and sodium polytungstate [SPT]) in areas of Cerrado, pastures, and NT with different deployment times with Distroferric Red Latosol soil. The study areas are located in Montividiu, Goiás (GO), Brazil: (1) pasture of Brachiaria decumbens (PA); (2) NT with three years of deployment with soybean in summer and fallow instead of a second crop (NT3); (3) NT with 15 years of deployment with soybean in the summer and maize/sorghum as the second crop (NT15); and (4) NT with 20 years of deployment with soybean in the summer and maize as the second crop (NT20). These areas were compared to an area of native Cerrado sensu stricto (CE). The NT according to the deployment time showed an increase in the contents of C (0-0.05 m) and N (0-0.2 m) in the soil. The origin of C in the soil of the NT areas is associated with C4 plants; however, in up to 0.2 m of the soil profile, the 13C contents reduced according to NT deployment years. Extraction of light-fraction organic matter (LFOM) with SPT better represents this SOM fraction quantitatively and qualitatively than extraction of LFOM with water and NaI. This pattern is evident because of a greater consistency in the mass, C, N, and 13C contents of the LFOM extracted with SPT among the evaluated areas and the lower C content in residual particulate organic matter among the extractants.