Suchergebnisse

[EN] Coastal lagoons are transitional ecosystems with complex spatial and temporal variability. Remote sensing tools are essential for monitoring and unveiling their variability. Turbidity is a water quality parameter used for studying eutrophication and sediment transport. The objective of this research is to analyze the monthly turbidity pattern in a shallow coastal lagoon along two years with different precipitation regimes. The selected study area is the Albufera de Valencia lagoon (Spain). For this purpose, we used Sentinel 2 images and in situ data from the monitoring program of the Environment General Subdivision of the regional government. We obtained Sentinel 2A and 2B images for years 2017 and 2018 and processed them with SNAP software. The results of the correlation analysis between satellite and in situ data, corroborate that the reflectance of band 5 (705 nm) is suitable for the analysis of turbidity patterns in shallow lagoons (average depth 1 m), such as the Albufera lagoon, even in eutrophic conditions. Turbidity patterns in the Albufera lagoon show a similar trend in wet and dry years, which is mainly linked to the irrigation practice of rice paddies. High turbidity periods are linked to higher water residence time and closed floodgates. However, precipitation and wind also play an important role in the spatial distribution of turbidity. During storm events, phytoplankton and sediments are discharged to the sea, if the floodgates remain open. Fortunately, the rice harvesting season, when the floodgates are open, coincides with the beginning of the rainy period. Nevertheless, this is a lucky coincidence. It is important to develop conscious management of floodgates, because having them closed during rain events can have several negative effects both for the lagoon and for the receiving coastal waters and ecosystem. Non-discharged solids may accumulate in the lagoon worsening the clogging problems, and the beaches next to the receiving coastal waters will not receive an important load of solids to ...

[EN] Elasmobranchs are one of the most endangered vertebrate groups on the planet, but despite this situation the use of reproductive techniques in elasmobranch conservation strategies has been scarce. Among these techniques, sperm preservation is a potential tool for ex situ conservation and aquaria sustainability. However, there are no widespread preservation protocols for elasmobranch sperm, and shark sperm cryopreservation has never been achieved before. Here we present the establishment of successful cryopreservation protocols for elasmobranch sperm, tested in several species. We have formulated a sperm extender that can be used for different elasmobranch species, capable of maintaining sperm motility for several weeks. Additionally, we achieved the cryopreservation of sperm by previously diluting it in our extender and supplementing it with different combinations of cryoprotectants. The effects of methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide as permeating cryoprotectants were evaluated, as well egg yolk as a nonpermeating cryoprotectant. Sperm quality was assessed by studying the motility and membrane integrity post-thawing, demonstrating its effectiveness in the 10 species tested, including two which are considered Critically Endangered. This is the first time that shark sperm cryopreservation has been reported, broadening our knowledge of the reproductive techniques that can be applied to elasmobranchs and laying the foundations for the first cryobanks for shark and ray sperm. Outcomes from this study will be useful for ex situ conservation efforts developed by public aquaria. A regular supply of frozen sperm will reduce the problems that result from the transport of specimens, inbreeding or lack of synchronized reproductive cycles in captivity. ; Study partially funded by the Fundacion Biodiversidad (PRCV00683). PG-S has a contract from the European Union through the Operational Program of the European Social Fund (ESF) of the Comunitat Valenciana 2014-2020 ACIF 2018 (ACIF/2018/147). VG has a postdoc contract from ...

[EN] Community-led Local Development (CLLD) offers a novel bottom-up approach to achieving territorial development in EU fisheries and aquaculture areas. Through Fisheries Local Action Groups (FLAGs), CLLD sets out to increase both employment and territorial cohesion by bringing together local stakeholders in the selection and implementation of projects which meet the specific needs of the FLAG area and its fisheries communities. Through an analysis of 2691 FLAG projects, this study offers comparative insights into the implementation of CLLD across eight EU Member States. The analysis shows that there are three areas that account for almost 90% of total budget spending, projects attributed to adding value to the fisheries value chain, the diversification fisheries activities, and those with socio-cultural focus, while fewer projects attributed to the environment or increasing representation in local governance. The results of this analysis are compared with the priorities expressed by FLAGs at the beginning of the program, as well as the national Operational Programs of individual Member States. ; This article is based upon work from COST Action CA15217 -Ocean Governance for Sustainability -challenges, options and the role of science, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology, www.cost.eu), within the working group `Fisheries Governance.' COST is a funding agency for research and innovation networks, helping to connect research initiatives across Europe through actions enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. Thanks to the FARNET Support Unit for their support and guidance on this research, to Urszula Budzich-Tabor for her feedback on various drafts of this paper, and to Margot Van Soetendael for her guidance on the analysis of the dataset. Funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union. ; Miret Pastor, LG.; Svels, K.; Freeman, R. (2020). Towards territorial development in fisheries areas: A typology of projects funded by Fisheries ...

[EN] In recent years, competition has been growing between aquaculture and local fishing for using the same space: the sea. However, this same geographical space holds different meanings and evokes different feelings in the aquaculturists and local fishers. This article, through the analysis of interviews with members of both parties operating in the Spanish Mediterranean, reveals a strong homogeneity within each group. However, a strong discrepancy was also detected between the groups in their respective conceptions of the sea and its inhabitants (both human and non-human) and their involvement with it. Both collectives seem to live in the same place but worlds apart. Any attempt to establish a marine policy which seeks to conciliate the interests of the two groups may be doomed to failure if, along with economic and institutional conflicts, it does not also consider the great divergences between them with regards to the way they understand and live their shared place of work, the sea. ; This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [CSO 2013-41972-P]. ; Herrera-Racionero, P.; Martínez-Novo, R.; Lizcano, E.; Miret Pastor, LG. (2020). Sea-based aquafarming and traditional fishery: Oceans apart?. Journal of Rural Studies. 78:123-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.06.016 ; S ; 123 ; 130 ; 78 ; Agardy, T., di Sciara, G. N., & Christie, P. (2011). Mind the gap: Addressing the shortcomings of marine protected areas through large scale marine spatial planning. Marine Policy, 35(2), 226-232. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2010.10.006 ; Barclay, K., Voyer, M., Mazur, N., Payne, A. M., Mauli, S., Kinch, J., … Smith, G. (2017). The importance of qualitative social research for effective fisheries management. Fisheries Research, 186, 426-438. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2016.08.007 ; Bavinck, M., Berkes, F., Charles, A., Dias, A. C. E., Doubleday, N., Nayak, P., & Sowman, M. (2017). The impact of coastal grabbing on community conservation – a global reconnaissance. Maritime Studies, ...

The article pretends to demostrate that the Government's policies and strategies lack negotiation mechanisms, solid sustainability criteria, and plans to assure the mining activity will impact positively on the economic development and do not include key aspects in the discussion about mining and sustainable development, such as a way to achieve a better understanding between the different actors in the mining sector and the creation of management systems to make viable an economic model for the mining activities with sustainability criteria. Hence a series of constituent elements of a state policy for sustainable development are proposed in this article. ; Este artículo pretende demostrar que las políticas y estrategias de los Gobiernos han carecido de mecanismos de concertación, de sólidos criterios de sostenibilidad y de planes de acción que aseguren que la actividad minera impacte positivamente el desarrollo económico, y que no han cubierto aspectos claves en la discusión mundial sobre minería y desarrollo sostenible, tales como la forma de lograr mayor entendimiento entre los diferentes actores del sector minero y la creación de sistemas de gestión a nivel organizacional que hagan viable un modelo económico para la actividad minera con criterios de sostenibilidad. Al respecto, propone una serie de elementos como constituyentes de la política minera estatal para el desarrollo sostenible.

La sostenibilidad es condición de la coexistencia armónica del hombre con su ambiente. Aseguraría mejor calidad de vida, menor migración hacia las ciudades y seguridad de educación a los miembros de la familia En el desarrollo sostenible hay que considerar la población, sus necesidades y consumo, los recursos, tecnología, producción, productividad, capacidad de carga, distribución y acceso a los recursos, rentabilidad, instituciones, variables sociales y el tiempo Como proyectos orientados hacia la sostenibilidad se pueden mencionar el de S. José de Ocoa (MARENA), el de Mao, Santiago y Pedernales financiados por la Comunidad Económico Europea y otros.

En el contexto educativo, una de las tareas fundamentales en la formación integral de cuadros y oficiales de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias lo constituye su adiestramiento científico ambientalista, es decir, lograr que comprendan las complejidades del medio ambiente natural y el creado por el hombre, como resultado de su interacción con los componentes biológicos, físicos, sociales, económicos y culturales. En este sentido, se aborda la temática medio ambiental y desarrollo sostenible para la Escuela Militar "Enrique Villegas'' de Sancti Spíritus. Por tanto, este artículo se propone como objetivo: fundamentar los principales referentes teóricos acerca de la educación medio ambiental para cuadros y oficiales de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias. En su realización se efectuó un análisis histórico, económico y social de la situación ambiental en las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias y, en particular, la necesidad de incorporar y vincular los problemas generales medio ambientales con el accionar diario de la vida militar.

El presente manifiesto es una iniciativa de International Peace Bureau (Ginebra), preparada de cara a la celebración, por parte de la Asamblea General del Foro de Alto Nivel de las Naciones Unidas de Cultura de Paz y No Violencia, a realizarse el próximo mes de septiembre (2016).

Desde 2010 la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) ha puesto el tema de la igualdad en el centro del debate regional y ha promovido el papel de la protección social como política pública clave para el desarrollo inclusivo y sostenible en la región. Este artículo aborda el marco conceptual de la matriz de desigualdad social y analiza las tendencias regionales de las múltiples dimensiones de la desigualdad, así como las propuestas en materia de protección y política social elaboradas por la cepal en el periodo reciente. Si bien los países de la región han tenido algunos avances en cuanto a reducción de la desigualdad del ingreso, ésta sigue siendo una de las más altas del mundo y es acompañada por desigualdades en otras dimensiones, como las de género, edad, territorio, raza y etnia, estatus migratorio, condición de discapacidad, entre otras. Para enfrentar tales desigualdades y superar la pobreza desde un enfoque de derechos, la CEPAL propone establecer sistemas universales, integrales y sostenibles de protección social. La protección social universal es necesaria para lograr los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible "sin dejar a nadie atrás", y representa una respuesta clave a la pandemia de Covid-19, la cual es necesaria para reconstruir con igualdad y sostenibilidad.

Plantea la descentralización y un auténtico proceso de desarrollo regional y local en El Salvador como los retos fundamentales que derivan de los acuerdos de paz y el inicio de la democratización. Expone los términos del debate actual sobre la descentralización, el concepto y principios, las propuestas de descentralización del gobierno, y la relación entre este proceso y el desarrollo regional/local. Propone 10 recomendaciones necesarias que van desde un plan nacional de descentralización y una ley marco, hasta la transferencia de recursos del Estado y sistemas locales de información.