Suchergebnisse

Referred to as extended collocations, lexical bundles are considered as a main factor in building fluency in academic discourse; helping to shape meaning and coherence in a text or speech. For decades, lexical bundles have attracted considerable amount of attention in corpus-based research in English for Academic Purposes (EAP). While, the focus of the most of the studies on lexical bundles was to explore the use of these multi-word expressions in academic written registers such as research articles, academic spoken registers such as university lectures have not received that amount of attention from the scholars. In this vein, there is still an open question of how they are structurally different across disciplines. With these concerns in mind, this study aimed to explore how lexical bundles are used structurally in a 50291 words corpus of 8 university lectures across two disciplines: chemistry and politics. To this aim, the most frequent four-word bundles in the corpus were classified according to their grammatical types to see the possible disciplinary variations in their frequency of use as well as the structure involved in their use. Results of the analysis revealed that noun phrase and prepositional phrase fragments were the most common structures in the lectures of the two disciplines, accounting for more than half of the bundles in politics. University lecturers appear to apply a variety of structures in the use of lexical bundles often peculiar to the discipline in order to convey their disciplinary messages. This would lead to the need to emphasize the instruction of the most common structures in that discipline in a way for the lectures to be as comprehensive as possible for the intended audiences.

Introduction : Scots as the language of the law -- The language of legal texts -- Exploring language of the past : context, discourse and text -- Repetition, fixedness and lexical bundles -- Burghs in Scottish history -- Living in a burgh -- Law and the burgh -- EdHew corpus material and lexical bundles -- The grammar of lexical bundles in early legal Scots -- Binomials and multinomials in early legal scots -- Short bundles: functional properties -- Long bundles: functional properties and standardization.

La presente tesi ha l'obbiettivo di studiare i lexical bundles, e le loro caratteristiche, presenti nel sottocorpus dello European Parliament Interpreting Corpus (EPIC), EPIC org_en. I lexical bundles (LBs) sono stati identificati per la prima volta da Biber et al. (1999) in quanto sequenze di parole che possono essere considerate come collocazioni estese, ovvero gruppi di parole che mostrano una tendenza statistica di co-occorrenza. Essi sono un una manifestazione di un più esteso fenomeno: il linguaggio formulaico, il quale consiste nell'uso di sequenze di parole che appaiono prefabbricate, ovvero memorizzate e recuperate dalla memoria quando necessario e non soggette a un processo generativo e analitico delle singole parti che le compongono. In questo studio, utilizzando un apposito software per l'interrogazione dei corpora, sono stati estratti e analizzati i LBs presenti nel sottocorpus preso in considerazione. Inoltre, durante la ricerca sono emerse altre caratteristiche del registro in questione che, anche se non strettamente inerenti allo studio dei LBs, abbiamo deciso di inserire nelle discussioni dei risultati come ulteriore approfondimento. A seguito dell'introduzione teorica all'argomento, indispensabile per inquadrare l'oggetto trattato, ci siamo dedicati alla spiegazione della metodologia della corpus linguistics, di cui questo studio si avvale. Dopo aver illustrato i metodi e gli strumenti impiegati, nel quarto e quinto capitolo sono stati illustrati i risultati e successivamente discussi. Dai dati emersi abbiamo ottenuto i LBs impiegati nel registro di EPIC org_en e li abbiamo classificati secondo la loro struttura e funzione servendoci come riferimento della tassonomia elaborata da Biber et al. (1999, 2004). La nostra ricerca ha evidenziato come in EPIC org_en siano presenti LBs specifici del registro che esso rappresenta e anche come questi presentino tratti comuni con i LBs individuati nei registri della conversazione e della prosa accademica.

The modern approach to teaching grammar at higher levels of language proficiency is a combination of grammar and vocabulary in which a special place is occupied by the mastery of non-native speakers with frequent lexical bundles (collocations). The acquisition of frequent lexical bundles, since they are not generated through knowledge of rules or formulae, is the topic of a study on the acquisition of foreign languages, especially at higher levels of proficiency. Textbooks, dictionaries and grammars as the main source of information for students and teachers of foreign languages are insufficient tools for mastering frequent lexical bundles. For this reason, electronic corpora as sets of authentic texts represent a valuable resource for teachers and students in the process of teaching and learning a foreign language. Taking into account the specificity of the lexical-grammatical approach in the acquisition of modern Greek at higher levels of proficiency, the paper presents one of the possible approaches to the acquisition of frequent lexical bundles in grammar teaching by the use of electronic language corpora. The use of electronic corpora in grammar teaching at the university level can have implications both in the didactics of foreign languages and in the creation of curricula.

Formulaicity is one of the characteristic features of legal discourse, which manifests itself not only at the level of wording, "but also in the content, structure and layout" of legal texts (Ruusila & Londroos 2016, 123). Formulaic language, which includes phrasal and prepositional verbs, idioms, collocations, lexico-grammatical associations, lexical bundles, etc., are building blocks of legal discourse shaping legal text meanings. However, up to now, far too little attention has been paid to the nature of frequently occurring "sequences of three or more words that show a statistical tendency to co-occur" (Biber & Conrad 1999, 183), i.e. lexical bundles, in different genres of legal texts. Most studies in the field of lexical bundles in legal texts have only been based on one language (e.g. Jablonkai 2009; Goźdź-Roszkowski 2011; Breeze 2013), whereas translation-oriented contrastive studies on lexical bundles are lacking. In respect of the aforementioned gaps, the aim of this pilot study is to analyse structural types of lexical bundles in court judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union in English and to examine the way these structures are rendered into Lithuanian. To gain insights into the frequency and structure of lexical bundles, the present study uses the methodological guidelines of corpus linguistics. The classification of lexical bundles into structural types is based on the framework suggested by Biber et al. (1999, 2004). For the purpose of this study, a parallel corpus of court judgments was compiled comprising approximately 1 million words of original court judgments in the English language and about 8 hundred thousand words of court judgments translated into Lithuanian. Lexical bundles in this research were identified using the corpus analysis toolkit AntConc 3.4.4 (Anthony 2015). A concordance program AntPConc 1.2.0 (Anthony 2017) was employed to find Lithuanian equivalents of the most frequent lexical bundles identified in the English court judgments. The evidence from this study suggests that different structural types of lexical bundles have more or less regular equivalents in Lithuanian; however, in most cases, these equivalents tend to be shorter.

This article explores the application of corpus linguistics methods in dealing with an underexplored area concerning predatory publishing, with a focus on lexical bundles and formulaicity. Using a comparative approach, the study employs two corpora of more than 1,6 million words, consisting of 220 research articles drawn from two comparable journals in the field of political science, one predatory and one top-ranking. The results show that writers publishing in the top-ranking journal use a more limited range of lexical bundles with a higher frequency, giving further evidence for the highly formulaic nature of the genre. The two groups of writers also display different preferences for lexical bundles with particular functions and/or forms. While the top-ranking journal articles feature more disciplinary-specific bundles with noticeable variation across the main sections of the research article, the predatory journal articles highlight in particular a set of common-core lexical bundles typical of general academic language use. Our findings also demonstrate the potential of lexical bundles in revealing the amount of scientific information research articles contain as well as the level of scientific literacy of the authors.

This article explores the application of corpus linguistics methods in dealing with an underexplored area concerning predatory publishing, with a focus on lexical bundles and formulaicity. Using a comparative approach, the study employs two corpora of more than 1,6 million words, consisting of 220 research articles drawn from two comparable journals in the field of political science, one predatory and one top-ranking. The results show that writers publishing in the top-ranking journal use a more limited range of lexical bundles with a higher frequency, giving further evidence for the highly formulaic nature of the genre. The two groups of writers also display different preferences for lexical bundles with particular functions and/or forms. While the top-ranking journal articles feature more disciplinary-specific bundles with noticeable variation across the main sections of the research article, the predatory journal articles highlight in particular a set of common-core lexical bundles typical of general academic language use. Our findings also demonstrate the potential of lexical bundles in revealing the amount of scientific information research articles contain as well as the level of scientific literacy of the authors.

The paper applies the Matrix method to an investigation into translinguistic features of English academic discourse that is serving worldwide a means of cross-cultural exchange between researchers with translingual skills. Based on the corpus approach to the comparison of the two corpora that comprise samples of professional academic writing in various fields of study (Art and Humanity, Natural and Social sciences), the paper seeks to identify both quantitatively and qualitatively correlations in repertoire and frequencies of recurrent linguistic expressions between the native English-language and non-native (Russian) academic discourse performers. The corpora were investigated along with the use of lexical bundles, re-occurring lexical units, which were grouped into noun-based and preposition-based phrases with post-modifier fragments, verb-based phrases with any form of verb components. The data comparison points to a code-mixing trend at the syntagmatic layer, which is a translingual fusion of English words in accord with a mixture of syntagmatic relations typical of English and Russian variations of academic discourse. It was found that non-native writing does not reveal as much lexical flexibility as native writers do and to a large extent relies on formulaic expressions, most of which are not conventional for expert native academic writing. Native Russian writers use excessively noun-based phrases with abstract nouns and underuse noun phrases without prepositions. Verb phrases with that- and to-clauses are mainly characteristic of native professional writing whereas non-native writing employs patterns with active verbs and passive constructions. It was found that non-native writing lacks quantifying phrases and hedging expressions that mitigate the proposition.

The article presents the analysis of the language means of realization of suggestive impact in the promotional genres of the Ukrainian political discourse. Defines the basic lexical language resources and their potential impact in political texts, in particular in the speech genres of a syncretic type, which enables the use of various linguistic means and units thanks to a large capacity and multifunctional nature. The focus is on lexical markers of suggestively in the promotional texts presented in the election campaigns during the last 10 years (2006-2016). The majority of lexical markers of suggestibility share a common goal of creating a "semantic tags" or "anchors", reinforcing in the subconscious mind of the addressees needs assessment – positive or negative. Such labels have the character of ideologies – lexical "bundle" axiological contents that inhibit the rational perception of the text content and explot irrational, emotional perception. ; В статье представлен анализ языковых средств реализации суггестивного воздействия в агитационных жанрах украинского политического дискурса. Определены основные лексические языковые средства и представлен их воздействующий потенциал в политических текстах, в частности в речевых жанрах синкретического типа, что обеспечивает использование разнообразных языковых средств и единиц благодаря большому объему и полифункциональности. Основное внимание направлено на лексические маркеры суггестивности в агитационных текстах, представленные в предвыборных кампаниях за период последних 10 лет. ; У статті представлено аналіз мовних засобів реалізації сугестивного впливу в агітаційних жанрах українського політичного дискурсу. Виокремлено основні лексичні мовні засоби та репрезентовано їх впливовий потенціал у політичних текстах, зокрема в мовленнєвих жанрах синкретичного типу, що дозволяє використання різноманітних мовних засобів та одиниць завдяки великому обсягу та поліфункційності. Основну увагу зосереджено на лексичних маркерах сугестивності в агітаційних текстах, репрезентованих в передвиборних кампаніях за період останніх 10 років (2006-2016).

The article presents the analysis of the language means of realization of suggestive impact in the promotional genres of the Ukrainian political discourse. Defines the basic lexical language resources and their potential impact in political texts, in particular in the speech genres of a syncretic type, which enables the use of various linguistic means and units thanks to a large capacity and multifunctional nature. The focus is on lexical markers of suggestively in the promotional texts presented in the election campaigns during the last 10 years (2006-2016). The majority of lexical markers of suggestibility share a common goal of creating a "semantic tags" or "anchors", reinforcing in the subconscious mind of the addressees needs assessment – positive or negative. Such labels have the character of ideologies – lexical "bundle" axiological contents that inhibit the rational perception of the text content and explot irrational, emotional perception. ; В статье представлен анализ языковых средств реализации суггестивного воздействия в агитационных жанрах украинского политического дискурса. Определены основные лексические языковые средства и представлен их воздействующий потенциал в политических текстах, в частности в речевых жанрах синкретического типа, что обеспечивает использование разнообразных языковых средств и единиц благодаря большому объему и полифункциональности. Основное внимание направлено на лексические маркеры суггестивности в агитационных текстах, представленные в предвыборных кампаниях за период последних 10 лет. ; У статті представлено аналіз мовних засобів реалізації сугестивного впливу в агітаційних жанрах українського політичного дискурсу. Виокремлено основні лексичні мовні засоби та репрезентовано їх впливовий потенціал у політичних текстах, зокрема в мовленнєвих жанрах синкретичного типу, що дозволяє використання різноманітних мовних засобів та одиниць завдяки великому обсягу та поліфункційності. Основну увагу зосереджено на лексичних маркерах сугестивності в агітаційних текстах, репрезентованих в передвиборних кампаніях за період останніх 10 років (2006-2016).

The article presents the analysis of the language means of realization of suggestive impact in the promotional genres of the Ukrainian political discourse. Defines the basic lexical language resources and their potential impact in political texts, in particular in the speech genres of a syncretic type, which enables the use of various linguistic means and units thanks to a large capacity and multifunctional nature. The focus is on lexical markers of suggestively in the promotional texts presented in the election campaigns during the last 10 years (2006-2016). The majority of lexical markers of suggestibility share a common goal of creating a "semantic tags" or "anchors", reinforcing in the subconscious mind of the addressees needs assessment – positive or negative. Such labels have the character of ideologies – lexical "bundle" axiological contents that inhibit the rational perception of the text content and explot irrational, emotional perception. ; В статье представлен анализ языковых средств реализации суггестивного воздействия в агитационных жанрах украинского политического дискурса. Определены основные лексические языковые средства и представлен их воздействующий потенциал в политических текстах, в частности в речевых жанрах синкретического типа, что обеспечивает использование разнообразных языковых средств и единиц благодаря большому объему и полифункциональности. Основное внимание направлено на лексические маркеры суггестивности в агитационных текстах, представленные в предвыборных кампаниях за период последних 10 лет. ; У статті представлено аналіз мовних засобів реалізації сугестивного впливу в агітаційних жанрах українського політичного дискурсу. Виокремлено основні лексичні мовні засоби та репрезентовано їх впливовий потенціал у політичних текстах, зокрема в мовленнєвих жанрах синкретичного типу, що дозволяє використання різноманітних мовних засобів та одиниць завдяки великому обсягу та поліфункційності. Основну увагу зосереджено на лексичних маркерах сугестивності в агітаційних текстах, репрезентованих в передвиборних кампаніях за період останніх 10 років (2006-2016).