Suchergebnisse

The development of regions within one country is an uneven process. States seek to reduce internal inequalities between particular regions through the implementation of appropriate economic policies, as is the case of Poland. The aim of the study is to evaluate the level of socio-economic development of regions in Poland (voivodships) in the years 2013– 2019. For this purpose, a taxonomic analysis based on Hellwig's development measure was conducted and the Euclidean distance was applied to assess the difference between the obtained pattern and particular voivodships. On the basis of data provided by the Local Data Bank of Statistics Poland and through linear ordering, two rankings of voivodships were created: one reflecting their socio-economic development excluding environmental protection aspects and the other focusing solely on the issue of environmental protection. Low values of the coefficient of variation relating to a part of the analysed variables indicated that the development level of voivodships in the analysed period is in many respects very similar. The variables crucial for determining the differences between voivodships show that Mazowieckie Voivodship occupies high positions in both rankings (and is the leader in the ranking of socio-economic development excluding environmental protection aspects), while Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship is characterised by a low level of development illustrated by both rankings.

The paper presents an attempt of determination of changes in the level of socio-economic development of communes in the Lubelskie Voivodship. The variability of socio-economic development for 2005 and 2015 was determined based on the measure of development proposed by Hellwig. The research covered 193 communes, including 166 rural communes and 27 urban-rural communes. The source material was data for the local level (i.e., communes) obtained from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office. The research showed that the Lubelskie Voivodship is characterized by relatively high internal socio-economic variability. High level of development was usually obtained for urban-rural communes and communes neighboring on urban communes. The lowest level was determined for communes characterized by peripheral location. The large majority of communes represented a moderate level of socio-economic development. An increase in the general level of socio-economic development was observed in 2015 in comparison to 2005 in the majority of communes of the Lubelskie Voivodship.

The aim of the article is to diagnose and evaluate the diversification of socio-economic development of powiats of Świętokrzyskie voivodship and to indicate groups of powiats with comparable levels of development. The research was conducted for the years 2010 and 2015. The indicators applied are systematised into the following areas: demographics and labour market, social potential, economic structure of a powiat, technical infrastructure, condition and protection of the natural environment. Hellwig's method of development pattern was employed to make synthetic evaluation of socio-economic development of powiats and Ward's clustering method was used to identify groups of powiats similar in terms of the studied phenomenon.
The analysis enabled to identify powiats with the highest, high, low and lowest levels of development.

In theory, decentralization is more responsive to socio-economic needs of citizens in the locality than centralization. The current study aimed to examine the influence of decentralization on socio-economic development. The authors collected secondary data of a purposively-selected sample of 70 countries across the globe. Independent variables were political, fiscal, and administrative decentralization indices. Dependent variables included human development index, education index, health index, income inequality index, foreign direct investment, and GDP per capital. Descriptive statistics and simple regressions were employed. Descriptive statistics reveal that the sample countries are heterogeneous in terms of decentralization and socio-economic development levels. Findings from regression analysis indicate that each of the three types of decentralization has positive influence on levels of human development, education, healthcare, and living standard. Only administrative decentralization has an inverse relationship with income inequality. The analysis does not find any significant relationship between decentralization and foreign direct investment. The findings imply that decentralization is an effective approach conductive to some aspects of socio-economic development. However, it may not be as effective for the promotion of income equality and foreign investment. ; ในทางทฤษฎี การกระจายอำนาจสามารถตอบสนองต่อความต้องการด้านเศรษฐกิจและสังคมของประชาชนในพื้นที่ได้อย่างตรงจุดมากกว่าการรวมศูนย์อำนาจ การศึกษานี้มุ่งศึกษาว่าการกระจายอำนาจมีอิทธิพลต่อการพัฒนาทางเศรษฐกิจและสังคมของประเทศอย่างไร ผู้วิจัยเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลทุติยภูมิของกลุ่มตัวอย่าง 70 ประเทศทั่วโลกซึ่งได้จากการเลือกแบบเจาะจง ตัวแปรต้น ได้แก่ ดัชนีการกระจายอำนาจทางการเมือง การคลัง และการบริหาร ตัวแปรตาม ได้แก่ ดัชนีการพัฒนามนุษย์ ดัชนีการศึกษา ดัชนีสุขภาพ ดัชนีความเหลื่อมล้ำของการกระจายรายได้ การลงทุนจากต่างประเทศ และผลิตภัณฑ์มวลรวมในประเทศต่อหัวประชากร เทคนิคที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลทั่วไป ได้แก่ การวิเคราะห์สถิติเชิงพรรณนา และการวิเคราะห์การถดถอยแบบง่าย ผลการวิเคราะห์สถิติเชิงพรรณนาพบว่า กลุ่มตัวอย่างมีลักษณะแตกต่างหลากหลายทั้งในด้านการกระจายอำนาจและในด้านการพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจและสังคม ผลการวิเคราะห์การถดถอยพบว่า การกระจายอำนาจทั้งสามมิติมีอิทธิพลเชิงบวกต่อการพัฒนามนุษย์ การศึกษา การสาธารณสุข และมาตรฐานการครองชีพของประชาชน สำหรับความเหลื่อมล้ำของการกระจายรายได้ พบว่ามีความความสัมพันธ์แบบแปรผกผันกับการกระจายอำนาจทางการบริหารมิติเดียวเท่านั้น อย่างไรก็ดี ผลการวิเคราะห์ไม่พบความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการกระจายอำนาจกับลงทุนจากต่างประเทศแต่อย่างใด ฉะนั้น การกระจายอำนาจทั้งสามมิติจึงเป็นเครื่องมือสำคัญประการหนึ่งสำหรับประเทศที่ต้องการพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจและสังคมในบางมิติ แต่ไม่ใช่เครื่องมือหลักในการแก้ปัญหาความเหลื่อมล้ำและการกระตุ้นการลงทุนจากต่างประเทศ

The paper presents the results of research on changes in the level of socioeconomic development in Western Balkan countries, including Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia, for the period 2010- -2018. The level of development was determined by the method TOPSIS, based on two social and six economic criteria using data from national statistical offices. The results indicate that four countries present long-term positive growth over the course of the decade. Throughout the entire analyzed period, Montenegro characterized with the highest and Albania the lowest development in the region. These countries characterized with the most and the least favorable levels of the analyzed categories, inter alia, the level of employment in agriculture, population growth, infant mortality rate, or the average wage. The levels of development of North Macedonia and Serbia were average for the region. However, the stable and rather favorable trends of the main socia ; W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących zmian poziomu socjoekonomicznego rozwoju w krajach Bałkanów Zachodnich, w tym w Albanii, Czarnogórze, Macedonii Północnej i Serbii, w 5v latach 2010--2018. Poziom rozwoju określono metodą –TOPSIS w oparciu o dwa kryteria społeczne i sześć kryteriów ekonomicznych z wykorzystaniem danych z krajowych urzędów statystycznych. Wyniki wskazują, że cztery kraje odnotowują długoterminowy dodatni wzrost w ciągu dekady. W całym analizowanym okresie najsilniejszym rozwojem w regionie charakteryzowała się Czarnogóra, a najniższym Albania. Kraje te charakteryzowały się najbardziej i najmniej korzystnymi poziomami analizowanych kategorii, m.in. poziomem zatrudnienia w rolnictwie, przyrostem naturalnym, wskaźnikiem umieralności niemowląt czy przeciętnego wynagrodzenia. Poziomy rozwoju Macedonii Północnej i Serbii były średnie w regionie. Jednak stabilne i dość korzystne trendy głównych kryteriów społeczno-ekonomicznych regionu pozwalają oczekiwać, że jego potencjał rozwojowy będzie kontynuowany w przyszłości.

The article presents the level and spatial structure of the absorption of EU funds within Cohesion Policy and Common Agricultural Policy during the 2007–2013 EU financial framework in Poland. The data analysed include all of the payments from European programmes, divided into two groups: the support dedicated for the development of agriculture and rural areas, and the cohesion policy. It has been demonstrated that the level and structure of delivery of these funds is spatially diversified. The index of the absorption of EU funds per capita is negatively correlated with the level of socio-economic development, which results from the allocation of payments dedicated for development of agriculture and rural areas. The distribution of cohesion funds is not correlated with the level of socio-economic development in poviats.

The study is devoted to the investigation of the educational determinants as components in shaping the level of socio-economic development of countries around the world, including assessment of the impact of national higher education system development indicators on the determinants of economic development, in particular macroeconomic, innovation, and technology determinants.Based on the grouping of 50 countries, a matrix of relationships between the Universitas 21 index and global competitiveness index was constructed. It is determined that despite the close correlation between the indices as a whole (0.96), there is a certain differentiation of influence in groups. The high impact of education on global competitiveness (0.76) was found in the group of countries with a medium level of competitiveness, moderate impact (0.54) – in the group of highly competitive countries, weak impact (0.38) – in the group of countries with a low level of competitiveness. Based on the correlation-regression analysis, the study proposes a structural-logical graph of the relationship between educational and economic indicators and quantifies it accordingly. The results show that the level of higher education competitiveness is closely correlated with such indicators as the level of global innovation development (0.8 over the period 2012-2020), the level of the knowledge intensity of GDP (0.73), and the level of socio-economic development (0.75). The results will allow changes in education indicators to be taken into account in the context of their impact on economic development and global development strategies.

The author presents the possibilities of using artificial neural networks in a multidimensional analysis – cluster analysis. The empirical example using districts of the Zachodniopomorskie (West Pomeranian) Voivodeship is the illustration of theoretical considerations. The study used statistical data from many areas related to socio-economic development: demography, labour market, natural environment, recreation, culture, social and technical infrastructure, and the economy. The aim of the study was to divide the voivodeship into disjointed typological groups of districts using Kohonen networks (Self-Organizing Maps). Several networks differing in structure of the output layer were constructed and trained. Selected diagnostic features of socio-economic development of districts were their input values. Using verified Kohonen networks, various sets of groups of the researched objects were created, and confirmed them are a useful tool for identifying clusters of districts similar to each other in terms of the level of socio-economic development.