Suchergebnisse

Around 6 million tons of non- hazardous waste and some 1 30-1 70 000 tons of hazardous waste is generated in Lithuania every year. Most of non-hazardous wastes are organic (2. 1 millions tons) or domestic (1.7 million ton). Since no general waste incineration is used in Lithuania, the overall used method of waste disposal is landfilling. Most of the landfills are not designed or located properly. They pose a threat for both surface and groundwater in Lithuania. The Lithuanian government has made environmental protection a priority concern in recent years. Bilateral and multilateral donors have made funding available for environmental projects. Until 1998 no landfill in Lithuania had a landfill leachate treatment plant. Leachate was kept in the special storage places in the landfill, or collected and recirculated. In Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, part of the landfill leachate is taken to the city's waste water treatment plant and part of it is recirculated. Competition for the landfill leachate plant was announced and hopefully in the near future Vilnius will have a real project for the landfill leachate treatment. Recirculation was carried out in Kaunas Lapes landfill too till the leachate treatment plant was built. Leachate is collected and kept in the ditches in the other three biggest cities of Lithuania - Klaipeda, Siauliai and Panevezys. Klaipeda, as all other cities, is looking for a cost effective solution for the leachate treatment and Panevezys is thinking to clean the leachate in the city's waste water treatment plant. Biological leachate treatment is the idea of Siauliai municipality. ; Around 6 million tons of non- hazardous waste and some 1 30-1 70 000 tons of hazardous waste is generated in Lithuania every year. Most of non-hazardous wastes are organic (2. 1 millions tons) or domestic (1.7 million ton). Since no general waste incineration is used in Lithuania, the overall used method of waste disposal is landfilling. Most of the landfills are not designed or located properly. They pose a threat for both surface and groundwater in Lithuania. The Lithuanian government has made environmental protection a priority concern in recent years. Bilateral and multilateral donors have made funding available for environmental projects. Until 1998 no landfill in Lithuania had a landfill leachate treatment plant. Leachate was kept in the special storage places in the landfill, or collected and recirculated. In Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, part of the landfill leachate is taken to the city's waste water treatment plant and part of it is recirculated. Competition for the landfill leachate plant was announced and hopefully in the near future Vilnius will have a real project for the landfill leachate treatment. Recirculation was carried out in Kaunas Lapes landfill too till the leachate treatment plant was built. Leachate is collected and kept in the ditches in the other three biggest cities of Lithuania - Klaipeda, Siauliai and Panevezys. Klaipeda, as all other cities, is looking for a cost effective solution for the leachate treatment and Panevezys is thinking to clean the leachate in the city's waste water treatment plant. Biological leachate treatment is the idea of Siauliai municipality.

ABSTRACTAs landfills become larger, the enormous quantities of putrescible wastes which they contain have increased the potential to generate highly polluting leachates as they decompose anaerobically over many years. If severe environmental impacts are to be avoided, operators must control these liquors: many landfill proposals stand or fall on the ability of the operator to demonstrate that leachate can be collected, managed and disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner. During the early years of tipping in containment cells, high BOD and COD values (to 50 000 mg/l or more) are measured, with very high ammonia concentrations (to more than 1000 mg/l as N) persisting for many years.The authors have been involved with the full‐scale on‐site treatment of leachates to high standards in automated aerated lagoon plants since the early 1980s. The first plant was constructed in 1982, and a further seven have since been built at landfills throughout the UK, with many more at various stages of design and construction – both in the UK and overseas.This paper describes detailed operational experiences from several of these landfill sites, with particular emphasis on the reduction of ammonia concentrations to low values. The use of reed‐bed treatment schemes as effluent polishing facilities is also discussed.

ABSTRACTThere is an increasing need for engineered liners to prevent the escape of leachate and to control the migration of landfill gas. This has been influenced by new European and UK legislation and codes of practice.General principles of site design are explained, followed by a review of the advantages and disadvantages of different liner systems, including mineral liners (natural clay, mudrocks and soil/bentonite admixtures), geomembranes and composite liners.The need for conservative factors of safety in site design and high standards of quality control, involving full‐time supervision and independent certification of the installation works, are considered essential to ensure the effectiveness of the barrier.There is no one ideal liner material. Composite mineral/geomembrane liners provide the highest degree of security against leakage and, as such, should be considered as 'the norm'rather than for use only in particularly high‐risk situations.