Suchergebnisse

У статті обґрунтований підхід щодо розрахунку енерготехнічного потенціалу підрозділів для визначення його впливу на бойові можливості міжвидової тактичної групи. ; В статье обоснован подход к расчету энерготехнического потенциала подразделений для определения его влияния на боевые возможности межвидовой тактической группы. ; In the article the approach to the calculation energetic potential of equipment subdivisions to determine its effect on the combat capabilities of the interspecific tactical group.

Проведено аналіз сучасних науково-методичних підходів щодо визначення раціонального складу тактичних груп. Виявлено відсутність рекомендацій щодо створення організаційно-штатної структури військового формування, яке б змогло охопити і виконати визначений специфічний спектр завдань, до виконання яких можуть залучатися не тільки підрозділи Збройних Сил, але і такі, що відносяться до інших силових структур держави. Розроблено рекомендації щодо створення міжвидових тактичних груп, та викладено їх зміст щодо формування раціонального бойового складу, організації управління підрозділами, комплектування озброєнням та військовою технікою, а також щодо підготовки підрозділів, які входять до складу міжвидової тактичної групи. Реалізація розроблених рекомендацій забезпечить можливість підвищення ефективності бойового застосування міжвидових тактичних груп, порівняно з базовими підрозділами. Розроблені рекомендації щодо створення міжвидових тактичних груп можуть бути використані органами військового управління для формування бойового складу міжвидової тактичної групи в залежності від їх реальних бойових можливостей в у мовах сучасних бойових дій, а також при виконані визначеного спектру специфічних завдань. ; Проведен анализ современных научно-методических подходов по определению рационального состава тактиче-ских групп. Выявлено отсутствие рекомендаций по созданию организационно-штатной структуры военного формиро-вания, которое сможет охватить и выполнить определенный специфический спектр задач, к выполнению которых могут привлекаться не только подразделения Вооруженных Сил, но и те, что относятся к другим силовым структу-рам государства. Разработаны рекомендации по созданию межвидовых тактических групп и представлено их содер-жание относительно формования рационального боевого состава, организации управления подразделениями, комплек-тования вооружением и военной техникой, а также относительно подготовки подразделений, которые входят в со-став межвидовой тактической группы. Реализация разработанных рекомендаций обеспечит возможность повышения эффективности боевого применения межвидовых тактических групп, сравнительно с базовыми подразделениями. Раз-работанные рекомендации по созданию межвидовых тактических групп могут быть использованы органами военного управления для формования боевого состава межвидовой тактической группы в зависимости от их реальных боевых возможностей в условиях современных боевых действий, а также при выполнении определенного специфического спектра заданий. ; The analysis of modern scientific and methodological approaches to the definition of a rational composition of tactical groups. It has been revealed that modern methods, by definition of the ratio of forces and means of the parties, are based on the calculation of the combat potential, do not take into account the energy-technical potentials of arms and military equipment, and also do not take into account the bioenergy potentials of the units of these groups. It also revealed the absence of recommenda-tions on the creation of an organizational-staff structure of a military formation that can cover and perform a specific specific range of tasks that can be performed not only by units of the Armed Forces, but also by those belonging to other power structures of the state. Recommendations on the creation of interspecific tactical groups were developed, and their content was presented on the formation of a rational combat composition, the organization of command and control, the acquisition of weapons and military equipment, as well as on the training of units that are part of an interspecific tactical group. In developing the recom-mendations, a methodology was used to determine the composition of an interspecific tactical group based on the calculation of the combat potential, which takes into account the fire, protective, power engineering, and bioenergetic potentials of each unit and weapon of the interspecific tactical group. The definition of a variant of the composition of an interspecific tactical group and recommendations for its creation was carried out taking into account the conditions when maneuvering defense on a broad front, offensive and stabilization actions. The implementation of the developed recommendations will provide an opportunity to increase the effectiveness of the combat use of interspecific tactical groups, in comparison with the basic divisions. Developed recommendations on the creation of interspecific tactical groups can be used by military control bodies to form the combat com-position of an interspecific tactical group, depending on their real fighting capabilities in the context of modern combat opera-tions, as well as when performing a specific range of tasks.

Command and Control and other applications operating in tactical edge networks often require group-wise communication to effectively support military operations. Tactical users rely upon group situational awareness. Mission planning and execution involves distributing force orders and supporting information among collaborating groups. Network-centric concepts of operation offer the promise of a more flexible and responsive fighting force if the necessary information can be effectively disseminated and exchanged among warfighting users and elements. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has conducted research and development of reliable multicast transport protocols for over a decade. The NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM) protocol specification provides robust reliable transport and ancillary functions to support different application needs. The NRL NORM "toolkit" implementation provides controls for application developers to develop robust and efficient group messaging applications capable of operating in tactical edge network environments. This paper describes these mechanisms and presents some results from laboratory and field experiments.

This paper reexamines the scaling approaches used in cancer risk assessment and proposes a more precise body weight scaling factor. Two approaches are conventionally used in scaling exposure and dose from experimental animals to man: body weight scaling (used by FDA) and surface area scaling (BW0.67—used by EPA). This paper reanalyzes the Freireich et al. (1966) study of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 14 anticancer agents in mice, rats, dogs, monkeys, and humans, the dataset most commonly cited as justification for surface area extrapolation. This examination was augmented with an analysis of a similar dataset by Schein et al. (1970) of the MTD of 13 additional chemotherapy agents. The reanalysis shows that BW0.75 is a more appropriate scaling factor for the 27 direct‐acting compounds in this dataset.

Symbiosis in Fishes provides comprehensive coverage of the biology of partnerships between fishes and invertebrates, ascending the phylogenetic scale, from luminescent bacteria, sponges and coelenterates to molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms. Both facultative and obligatory partnerships are reviewed with emphasis on the behavioral, ecological and evolutionary aspects of fish symbiosis. Each of the eight chapters of this book focuses on a different group of partners. The structure, physiology and anti-predatory strategies of each group are described to provide the necessary background for the understanding of their partnerships with fishes. The formation of the associations, the degree of partner specificity and its regulation, as well as the benefits and costs for the fishes and their associates, communication between partners and their possible co-evolution are discussed in each chapter. This is the first attempt to critically review in a single volume all associations of fishes with invertebrates based on the latest studies in these areas, together with studies published many years ago and little cited since then. Symbiosis in Fishes provides a huge wealth of information that will be of great use and interest to many life scientists including fish biologists, ecologists, ethologists, aquatic scientists, physiologists and evolutionary biologists. It is hoped that the contents of the book will stimulate many to further research, to fill in the gaps in our knowledge in this fascinating and important subject. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where biological sciences are studied and taught should have copies of this exciting book

AbstractAdvocacy intelligence is a critical organizational resource fostering long‐term survival and policy success. Policy‐active interest groups such as non‐profits, business associations and labor unions, seek to maintain their competitive advantage among peers and therefore have incentives to remain secretive about the details of their lobbying strategies and membership mobilization. We empirically evaluate this argument based on knowledge sharing interactions in 12 focus group interviews with approximately 50 representatives of interest groups in the Netherlands, Ireland and Denmark. Our research design manipulates the composition of the focus groups to vary the level of competition for political influence and membership among the participants. Strikingly, we find no evidence that either type of competition hampers knowledge sharing. Instead, our novel data point to three fruitful alternative explanations: the importance of socialization, mentorship and personalities of interest group leaders.