Suchergebnisse

Al estudiar el tema de gobernabilidad distrital y límites podemos pensar en los problemas y controversias que el tema genera, como: el debilitamiento de recaudación en impuesto predial, que son ingresos monetarios administrados y fiscalizados por las alcaldías, muy aparte de los perjuicios sociales a nivel ciudadano. El conflicto limítrofe existente entre los distritos de Magdalena del Mar y San Isidro, el cual lleva ya varios años sin resolver, y afecta el desarrollo social y económico, alterando el ambiente social de armonía y la ejecución de obras públicas y servicios municipales que se ponen en riesgo; como la seguridad ciudadana, entre otros. Los intentos de solución han sido exiguos para resolver el conflicto de parte del Estado, solo logrando dividir aún más a los habitantes de ambos distritos. Nuestro estudio revela los puntos débiles que existen en la presentación de alternativas para solucionar el problema, primero: la ausencia de una herramienta de gestión de políticas públicas y de respeto al estado de derecho, en donde las autoridades al mando de ambos distritos se sometan a un ente decisorio técnico como el Instituto Geofísico del Perú, organismo que mediante coordenadas geográficas puede establecer definitivamente los límites de los territorios en conflicto. Códigos (JEL): Gestión de conflicto (D74), diferenciales interjurisdiccionales (H73), economía pública (H80). ; Understanding that the problematic of the district limits generates the weakening of collection in property tax, main municipal tax administered by the municipalities according to the Organic Law of municipalities. This is the specific case of the border conflict between the districts of Magdalena del Mar and San Isidro, a situation that has long been the case, and affects the social and economic aspect of the populations and residents, limiting the execution of public works and municipal services such as citizen security in the affected districts. Attempts to solve the conflict by the State only polarize the citizens of both communes and stop living in harmony as if they were bordering countries. The study auscultates the negative axes and how the lack of a public policy management tool increasingly sharpens a political situation and respect for the rule of law, where the authorities involved must submit to a technical decision-making body as is the specific case of the National Geographical Institute, which, by means of geographical coordinates, can delimit the territories in conflict. Codice (JEL): Conflict management (D74), interjurisdictional differentials (H73), public economy (H80).

We connect the theories of strategic debt and tax competition in a model and explore whether capital mobility coupled with a strategic debt effectively tames Leviathan. Our proposition is that in the case of a small open economy international tax competi-tion for mobile capital opens the way to a previously unexplored sort of strategic deficit. The incumbent conservative government builds a reelection strategy on the downwards pressure on mobile factor tax rates caused by tax competition the liberal successor will be exposed to. As a result it can raise its chances to be reelected by tying the successor's hands on expenditure issues.

Law and Economics literature recently gazed upon the "failure of judges" showing the various biases, psychological but also political, they can display. One of the seminal criticisms against bankruptcy judges focused on their attempt to go beyond the strict applications of law in their decisions. The main drawback is their lack of business-related expertise. The French bankruptcy system was created four centuries ago with this last problem in mind and remains unique today. The bankruptcy judges are elected among local businessmen and top executives. They rule without any professional judge along them, like in mixed courts in Belgium. They are given a key role in the decision as in the U.S. This chapter shows how judges display a home bias when the area suffers from economic turmoil. They attempt to favor the reorganization of bankrupt firms when the local unemployment rate is high. The analysis is based on an original dataset of all filings for restructuring (Redressement Judiciaire) from 2006 to 2013. This is shown to hold robust despite several tests using survival analysis in a competing risk setting. This effect is found to reduce the time of negotiation between the firm and its creditors with no effect on the survival of the firm after the reorganization plan was agreed upon. We infer that judges cram-down decisions faster in these contexts and let creditors bear the costs of these reorganisations. It underlines how Courts wish to implement decisions that exceed solely debt-collection with a concern for the local area at the risk of hurting the firm's creditors. JEL-Classification: G33, H73, K22

Ce rapport de recherche :(1) analyse l'évolution récente des finances publiques locales en Région bruxelloise (ressources fiscales et non fiscales, régionales, communales, etc.) ;(2) simule les effets d'une baisse de la fiscalité communale sur les budgets locaux (« pertes à compenser » par la Région) ;(3) teste économétriquement, sur 52 communes de l'agglomération étendue de Bruxelles, les effets de variations de l'impôt foncier local (précompte immobilier) et des additionnels communaux à l'impôt des personnes physiques, sur les localisations de l'emploi et des résidents. Ce test inclut la contrepartie des dépenses publiques locales comme variable de contrôle. Les résultats non significatifs obtenus pour les variables de taxation pour la période 1991-2001 suggèrent que les agents économiques, une fois qu'ils ont décidé de s'installer en zone métropolitaine bruxelloise, ne fonderaient pas leurs décisions de localisation précise intra-zone sur le critère de la fiscalité locale. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This paper investigates how the Court's organisation affect judgments. We use a historical accident to derive this impact. Indeed, though the same bankruptcy laws apply on the whole territory, courts in the eastern part of France (in Alsace-Moselle) consist on a mix of professional and non-professional judges, while other French Courts are only composed of lay judges. Using an original dataset of firms with monthly bankruptcy ratings, we analyse the decision to file for bankruptcy. To do so we restrict our sample to firms inside and outside but close to Alsace-Moselle. We study their survival after their rating has dropped between two months. We find mixed Courts in Alsace-Moselle have lower rates of bankruptcy which should be explained by a lower reorganisation rate. We could think that mixed courts are less efficient ex-ante compared to lay courts. Yet both have overall similar level of liquidation rate. Thus, both systems provide similar ex-post efficiency while behaving differently.

Tax to GDP ratios stand at around 40%in EU countries as compared with 25% in Japan and the US. This high level of taxation allows the funding of the European social model characterised with a high level of public expenditure and transfers. This article discusses how the European social model is at risk in a global world; it presents several strategies for European taxation: competition, unification, coordination. It provides a descriptive analysis of tax structures and trends in Europe. Tax competition plays more and more for higher earnings or wealthy people; so tax coordination is needed also for income taxation. Social contributions coordination is less useful as far as social contributions finance contributive benefits. The corporate taxation coordination raises two problems: the tax base and the tax rate. . Corporate taxation is not the most appropriate tool to attract firms to locate in less developed countries due to risks of profit shifting. Our preferred strategy would be to give more freedom given to Member States to subsidize their companies against some tax coordination by a clear recognition of the source principle and the introduction of minimum rates, depending on the level of development reached by the country.

Tax to GDP ratios stand at around 40%in EU countries as compared with 25% in Japan and the US. This high level of taxation allows the funding of the European social model characterised with a high level of public expenditure and transfers. This article discusses how the European social model is at risk in a global world; it presents several strategies for European taxation: competition, unification, coordination. It provides a descriptive analysis of tax structures and trends in Europe. Tax competition plays more and more for higher earnings or wealthy people; so tax coordination is needed also for income taxation. Social contributions coordination is less useful as far as social contributions finance contributive benefits. The corporate taxation coordination raises two problems: the tax base and the tax rate. . Corporate taxation is not the most appropriate tool to attract firms to locate in less developed countries due to risks of profit shifting. Our preferred strategy would be to give more freedom given to Member States to subsidize their companies against some tax coordination by a clear recognition of the source principle and the introduction of minimum rates, depending on the level of development reached by the country.

"Don't feed the zombies" is the bottom line argument to condemn the risk in pro-continuation bankruptcy systems, promoting survival of non-viable businesses. Feeding this firms may prevent reallocation of capital from distressed firms to healthy ones. It may also destabilize bargaining power between debtors and creditors, reinforcing the former. Here we want to test the truth of this argument by looking at the French reform of the commercial jurisdiction in 2011. The procontinuation bias is modeled looking at the proportion of firms that the court decides to reorganize despite them not having enough assets to cover all the legal bankruptcy costs. Theses firms are considered zombie firms. We examine whether jurisdictions differ in their decisions after a change of the judicial maps. Some courts may have been absorbed or may have absorbed others while some remain unaffected. We are able to pin down structural motivations for pro-continuation bias with no other legal changes and within a single country. After a court is absorbed, this bias drops significantly. Yet the overall survival rate of reorganized firms remains the same. These results show how proximity to the parties may help judges take decisions despite counter-intuitive negative financial information. But theses rulings are made with no regard to the firm's creditors. Since it is only the smaller courts that are absorbed by larger ones, the paper also gives hindsight on the effect of court's size on bankruptcy.

We study the consequences of a large-scale austerity program targeting financially-constrained municipalities in Germany. For identification, we exploit the quasi-random assignment of treatment among equally-distressed municipalities using a difference-in-differences design. The policy helped targeted municipalities to consolidate budgets. Whereas the amount of fiscal consolidation was homogeneous among treated municipalities, strategies of consolidation differed between smaller and larger municipalities. The former primarily cut spending on local public services, whereas the latter predominantly relied on tax increases. We detect no adverse economic effects but sizable negative effects on population levels and house prices in municipalities reducing local amenities.

This research studies the effects of a value added tax (VAT) reform at Mexico's international frontiers. The reform raised the VAT rate from 11 to 16 percent at localities close to the international borders. We use the traditional "static" difference-in-differences methodology as well as dynamic difference-in-differences. The treatment group is composed of municipalities in the area where the VAT increased, and the control group iscomposed of municipalities close to the treatment group. We nd that the VAT hike had a positive effect on prices of around half the size of the full pass-through conter-factual. In addition, the reform had a negative effect on workers' wages and no effect on employment. The negative eect on workers' real incomes is not smoothed out with credits. We nd evidence of a negative effect on consumption at Mexico's northern border due to the reform. However, we nd no evidence of an increase in shopping at the United States side of the border.

This research studies the effects of a value added tax (VAT) reform at Mexico's international frontiers. The reform raised the VAT rate from 11 to 16 percent at localities close to the international borders. We use the traditional "static" difference-in-differences methodology as well as dynamic difference-in-differences. The treatment group is composed of municipalities in the area where the VAT increased, and the control group iscomposed of municipalities close to the treatment group. We nd that the VAT hike had a positive effect on prices of around half the size of the full pass-through conter-factual. In addition, the reform had a negative effect on workers' wages and no effect on employment. The negative eect on workers' real incomes is not smoothed out with credits. We nd evidence of a negative effect on consumption at Mexico's northern border due to the reform. However, we nd no evidence of an increase in shopping at the United States side of the border.

This research studies the effects of a value added tax (VAT) reform at Mexico's international frontiers. The reform raised the VAT rate from 11 to 16 percent at localities close to the international borders. We use the traditional "static" difference-in-differences methodology as well as dynamic difference-in-differences. The treatment group is composed of municipalities in the area where the VAT increased, and the control group iscomposed of municipalities close to the treatment group. We nd that the VAT hike had a positive effect on prices of around half the size of the full pass-through conter-factual. In addition, the reform had a negative effect on workers' wages and no effect on employment. The negative eect on workers' real incomes is not smoothed out with credits. We nd evidence of a negative effect on consumption at Mexico's northern border due to the reform. However, we nd no evidence of an increase in shopping at the United States side of the border.