Suchergebnisse

Contemporary demographic processes forcing increasing attention to the problems of relationships and dependencies between the different age groups. The ageing of the population in each society leads to changes in the contacts between young people, adults and the elderly. It is reasonable to undertake research on the concept of "solidarity of generations". Maintaining relationships without generational conflict requires actions in the field of social policy known as intergenerational policy. Aim of this article is to present some of its models, which allow not only to analyze the changes in the various communities, but also to create recommendations for public intervention. Description will include activities at the international, national, regional and local levels.

The Multilinks project explores how demographic changes shape intergenerational solidarity, well-being and social integration. The project examines a) multiple linkages in families (e.g. transfers up and down family lineages, interdependencies between older and younger family members); b) multiple linkages across time (measures at different points in time, at different points in the individual and family life course); c) multiple linkages between, on the one hand, national and regional contexts (e.g. policy regimes, economic circumstances, normative climate, religiosity) and, on the other hand, individual behaviour, well-being and values.



The conceptual approach builds on three key premises. First, ageing affects all age groups: the young, the middle-aged and the old. Second, there are critical interdependencies between family generations as well as between men and women. Third, we must recognize and distinguish analytical levels: the individual, the dyad (parent-child, partners), family, region, historical generation and country.



The database aims to map how the state, in form of public policies and legal norms, defines and regulates intergenerational obligations within the family. What is the contribution of public authorities to support and secure financial and care needs for the young and the elderly in the family? In what ways the state assumes that intergenerational responsibilities are a family matter? In order to answer these questions the database includes a dual intergenerational perspective: upwards generations; from children to parents; and downwards; from parents to children. It looks across a variety of social policies and also includes legal obligations to support. It entails over 70 indicators on social policy rights, legal obligations to support, and care service usage. It offers a structured access to the public support for families with children and for elderly people within 30 European countries for 2004 and 2009.





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The research project MULTILINKS (How demographic changes shape intergenerational solidarity, well-being, and social integration: A Multilinks framework) existed from 2009 to 2011. It has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2011) under grant agreement n° 217523.



After the end of the project the results were made available as a web application and as individual datasets together with the documentation files by the WZB (http://multilinks-database.wzb.eu). Since 2020, this website no longer exists. The single datasets and reports are available here unchanged.



However, the web application, together with the documents, is still available through the "Gender & Generations Programme (GGP)" and the French Institute for Demographic Research (INED). There you will find further information, additional descriptive variables and full possibilities to explore and navigate through the database. For more details see: https://www.ggp-i.org/data/multilinks-database/

ABSTRACT
This paper examines whether it is possible to recognise specific patterns of institutionally regulated downward (towards children) and upward (towards the old) intergenerational obligations with regard to care and financial support, and to identify specific country profiles and clusters of countries in Europe. Based on the three-fold conceptualisation of familialism by default, supported familialism and de-familialisation, and using a complex set of indicators, we describe how countries, by means of policies, allocate intergenerational responsibilities between families and the state, also paying attention to their gender impact. The study includes all 27 EU countries and for the first time offers a comparative overview of a diversified set of policies with regard to both children and the old. It concludes that although specific policy profiles emerge with regard to the two sets of obligations, these do not always coincide. Furthermore, contrary to widespread opinion, supported familialism and de-familialisation are not always contrasting policy approaches. In some countries, they actually represent part of an integrated approach to public support of intergenerational obligations. Moreover, the gender impact of supported familialism may be different and even contrary, depending on the specific instrument. Finally, once the road of oversimplification is excluded, only one statistically sound cluster of countries emerges. It is, however, possible to detect groups of countries that are similar. These only partly overlap with prevalent welfare regime types.

This article argues that although the intergenerational stance of fiscal policy is hard to measure accurately, a goal of approximate generational balance is reasonable.

Mareike Schad examines how redistributive policy measures influence intergenerational income mobility, taking into account various facets of the parent-child connection. In the first part, the author investigates the impact of education and education policy on income mobility both theoretically and empirically. The second part addresses individual beliefs regarding the determinants of personal economic success and their effect on income mobility within a society.

The combination of population ageing, changing family structures and patterns of employment is having an increasing impact on intergenerational relations in Western societies. The 'generational contract' is being affected by women's growing labour market participation, especially among mothers with young children, the extension of the period spent in education and training and the curtailment of welfare expansion. Since women carry the main burden of care work, the organisation of social care is a key issue in understanding changing intergenerational relations. This article explores the perceptions that European families in different socio-political contexts have of changing intergenerational relations and their expectations of policy actors.