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Government Information Sharing (GIS) allows information exchange and integration between different government departments, agencies, as well as between public and private institutions. Sharing information enables enhanced efficiency -avoiding duplication of processes updating the same data; better quality of processes and services- removing inconsistent data and reducing error; and improved transparency -facilitating access to information. The implementation of GIS initiatives requires technological, organizational, institutional and environmental changes. Therefore, the definition of compeling business cases is required, while studying the feasibility of such initiatives. In this work, we present findigs of our research work studying benefits of GIS. Based on secondary data collection and surveyed GIS initiatives implemented in several countries, we present a comprehensive study of benefits in GIS. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a detailed list of feasible GIS benefits and a classification of such benefits, providing a rigorous benchmark to justify the implementation of GIS initiatives. ; Facultad de Informática

Intro -- INTELLIGENCE AND INFORMATION SHARING: NEEDS, GOALS AND RISKS -- INTELLIGENCE AND INFORMATION SHARING: NEEDS, GOALS AND RISKS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION: NEED-TO-KNOW VS. NEED-TO-SHARE -- SUMMARY -- BACKGROUND -- CHANGES UNDERTAKEN IN RESPONSE TO 9/11 -- The Information Sharing Environment -- LIMITATIONS AND RISKS OF INFORMATION SHARING -- Detroit Bomb Attempt -- Fort Hood Shooting -- WikiLeaks -- CONCLUSION -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 TERRORISM INFORMATION SHARING AND THE NATIONWIDE SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY REPORT INITIATIVE: BACKGROUND AND ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- SUMMARY -- BACKGROUND -- WHY INFORMATION SHARING? -- Information-Sharing Systems -- SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY REPORTING -- NATIONWIDE SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY REPORTING INITIATIVE (NSI) -- PRIVACY AND CIVIL LIBERTIES IMPLICATIONS -- ISE SAR Functional Standard -- NSI PILOT PROJECT -- ISE Shared Spaces Architecture -- Training -- ISE-SAR EE Lessons Learned and the Way Ahead -- CURRENT ADMINISTRATION ACTIONS -- ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- Too Many "Dots " -- Training -- Data Privacy and Access -- Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure -- Metrics -- APPENDIX A. SIGNIFICANT INFORMATION-SHARING SYSTEMS -- Law Enforcement Online (LEO) -- Regional Information Sharing Systems Program (RISS) -- Homeland Security Information Network (HSIN) -- Law Enforcement Information Sharing Program (LEISP) -- OneDOJ System -- Law Enforcement National Data Exchange (N-DEx) -- FBI Terrorist Tracking Systems -- Guardian -- eGuardian -- APPENDIX B. ACRONYMS USED IN THIS REPORT -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 INFORMATION SHARING ENVIRONMENT: BETTER ROAD MAP NEEDED TO GUIDE IMPLEMENTATION AND INVESTMENTS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- BACKGROUND -- History of the Information Sharing Environment -- Our Previous Reports on ISE Efforts

Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1 Information Sharing in Military and Security Operations -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Information Sharing with Whom? -- Why Is Information Sharing Among Partners Beneficial, Even Though It May Be Hard to Do? -- Acting like an Oyster: Why is Information Sharing Among Partners Problematic? -- The Dynamics of Non-sharing and Non-receiving -- Conclusions and Organization of this Volume -- References -- 2 Information Fusion: Intelligence Centers and Intelligence Analysis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Defining Information Fusion -- Origins of the Concept -- Civilian Policing and Security -- Civilian Fusion Centers -- Criticisms of Civilian Fusion Centers -- Models of Information Fusion -- The Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) Process Model -- Observe, Orient, Decide, Act (OODA) Loop -- C-OODA -- Military Information Fusion Centers -- The NATO Intelligence Fusion Centre -- The U.S. Joint Analysis Center (JAC) -- Joint Intelligence Centers (JICs) -- Air Force Joint Battlespace Info-Sphere -- Criticism of U.S. Military's Fusion Centers -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Oh, Didn't Anyone Tell You? The Importance of Intra-Organizational Information Sharing -- Abstract -- Organizational Justice and the Role of Informational Justice -- Informational Justice -- This Study -- Procedure -- Sample -- Measures -- Descriptive Results -- Descriptive Analyses of Demographic Variables -- Correlational Analyses -- Mediational Analyses -- Discussion -- References -- 4 Information Sharing in Contemporary Operations: The Strength of SOF Ties -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Organizational Effectiveness in Multinational HQs -- Special Forces and Conventional Forces in Operations -- Case Study: SOF HQs in Kabul -- Main Barriers to Information Sharing -- Conclusion: A Delicate Chemistry -- References

Center for Stabilization and Reconstruction Studies Workshops ; Information Sharing in Insecure Environments was held May 21-25, 2006, in Monterey, California. Representatives from nongovernmental organizations; government civilian agencies; and the armed forces of the United States, United Kingdom and Germany gathered to discuss organizational and industry imperatives, learn about current and past initiatives and create new models for improving information sharing and enhancing cooperation in insecure environments. ; International Organization for Migration ; Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Stability Operations

Based on the assumption that in a standard eco-dumping model governments are uncertain about future product demand and allowing governments to obtain information from firms, we examine governments' and firms' incentives to share information. We show that when governments regulate polluting firms through emission standards, then governments and firms will reach an agreement concerning information sharing. The opposite holds when governments regulate pollution through emission taxes.