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The COVID-19 crisis is not only a pandemic, but also an infodemic. In the editorial for this Special Issue about health campaigns and COVID-19, we offer an overview of the context as well as of the three articles in the issue. This opening editorial focuses on the wider context within which the various campaigns took place. While the essays focus on the use of graphics and visual advertisements, we explore meme culture with special emphasis on character assassination, where memes are used to target accountability claims and engender distrust towards powerholders. Hence this presents a backdrop to the cultural and visual environment into which these responses to the global spread of COVID-19 entered.

The pandemic has been accompanied by an "infodemic" of misinformation and propaganda, undermining public health responses around the world. Building resilience will require a joint effort from social media platforms, governments, and civil society. (IP)

COVID-19 has been declared as pandemic by WHO. Indonesian government late to give official statement that made public believe in hoax, rumours, gossip, even propaganda that they got from social media and passed from one group to another. As we know, too much information or shortage of information could lead to confusing messages that eventually increase public distrust towards official statement. Consequently, people resort to social media as the only source of information. As a mass-self communication channel, the credibility of information from this source is problematic. Castell's mass-self communication made this circle become infodemic that hamstring public trust to government. In this research, we do comparative case study on how countries (China and South Korea) tackle communication problems during the pandemic. This research is significant because it could be a reference model of crisis communication strategy when the country faces a pandemic Relying on mass media analysis and literature review, we find that China's government uses power to control information circulation while South Korea's generates public's participation in social media. Indonesia as a democratic country could use this experience to gain public's trust by doing Coomb's SCCT for crisis situation. Doing this, Indonesia is expected to be more prepared to for the crisis communication in the future.Keywords: COVID-19, infodemic, crisis communication, case study ABSTRAKCOVID-19 telah dinyatakan sebagai pandemi oleh WHO. Pemerintah Indonesia terlambat memberikan pernyataan resmi yang membuat publik percaya pada hoax, rumor, gosip, bahkan propaganda yang mereka dapatkan dari media sosial dan diteruskan dari satu kelompok ke kelompok lain. Seperti kita ketahui, informasi yang terlalu banyak atau kekurangan informasi dapat menimbulkan pesan yang membingungkan yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan ketidakpercayaan publik terhadap pernyataan resmi. Akibatnya, masyarakat menggunakan media sosial sebagai satu-satunya sumber informasi. Sebagai saluran komunikasi massa-mandiri, kredibilitas informasi dari sumber ini bermasalah. Komunikasi massa yang dilakukan Castell membuat lingkaran ini menjadi infodemik yang melemahkan kepercayaan publik kepada pemerintah. Dalam penelitian ini, kami melakukan studi kasus komparatif tentang bagaimana negara-negara (China dan Korea Selatan) menangani masalah komunikasi selama pandemi. Penelitian ini penting karena dapat menjadi model referensi strategi komunikasi krisis ketika negara menghadapi pandemi Mengandalkan analisis media massa dan tinjauan pustaka, kami menemukan bahwa pemerintah China menggunakan kekuatan untuk mengontrol peredaran informasi sementara Korea Selatan menghasilkan partisipasi publik di media sosial. Pengalaman ini bisa dimanfaatkan Indonesia sebagai negara demokrasi untuk mendapatkan kepercayaan publik dengan melakukan SCCT Coomb untuk situasi krisis. Dengan begitu, Indonesia diharapkan lebih siap menghadapi krisis komunikasi di masa mendatang.Kata Kunci: COVID-19, infodemik, komunikasi krisis, studi kasus

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Introduction and Background -- Chapter 1: Conceptualizing the "Post-truth" -- References -- Chapter 2: Information Sources and News Consumption Habitus -- 2.1 Partisan Media Use and COVID-19 Misperceptions -- 2.1.1 COVID-19 Misinformation and Misperceptions -- 2.1.2 Partisan Media in the United States -- 2.1.3 Political Ideology -- 2.1.4 Need for Cognition -- 2.1.5 Trust in Scientists -- 2.1.6 Message Derogation -- 2.1.7 Moderated Mediation Models -- 2.2 Methodology -- 2.2.1 Data Collection -- 2.2.2 Measurements -- 2.2.3 Analytical Strategy -- 2.3 Results -- 2.4 Conclusion and Discussion -- 2.5 Partisan Media, The Extended Parallel Process Model, and COVID-19 Misperceptions -- 2.5.1 The Extended Parallel Process Model -- 2.5.2 Measurements -- 2.5.3 Analytical Strategy -- 2.5.4 Results -- 2.5.5 Conclusion and Discussion -- 2.6 Incidental News Exposure and COVID-19 Misperceptions -- 2.6.1 Incidental News Exposure -- 2.6.2 Media Locus of Control -- 2.6.3 Discussion Network Heterogeneity -- 2.6.4 Defensive Avoidance -- 2.6.5 Measurements -- 2.6.6 Analytical Strategy -- 2.6.7 Results -- 2.6.8 Conclusion and Discussion -- 2.7 The News-Finds-Me Perception and Political Interest -- 2.7.1 The News-Finds-Me Perception -- 2.7.2 Political Interest -- 2.7.3 Methodology -- 2.7.3.1 Measurements -- 2.7.3.2 Analytical Strategy -- 2.7.4 Results -- 2.7.5 Conclusion and Discussion -- References -- Chapter 3: Social Media as a Pandora's Box -- 3.1 Social Media and COVID-19 Misinformation -- 3.1.1 Social Media News Use -- 3.1.2 Social Media Affordance Utilization -- 3.1.3 Discussion Network Homogeneity -- 3.1.4 Methodology -- 3.1.4.1 Data Collection -- 3.1.4.2 Measurements -- 3.1.4.3 Analytical Strategy -- 3.1.5 Results -- 3.1.6 Conclusion and Discussion.

This special theme issue of Big Data & Society presents leading-edge, interdisciplinary research that focuses on examining how health-related (mis-)information is circulating on social media. In particular, we are focusing on how computational and Big Data approaches can help to provide a better understanding of the ongoing COVID-19 infodemic (overexposure to both accurate and misleading information on a health topic) and to develop effective strategies to combat it.

The global spread of the novel coronavirus is affected by the spread of related misinformation—the so-called COVID-19 Infodemic—that makes populations more vulnerable to the disease through resistance to mitigation efforts. Here, we analyze the prevalence and diffusion of links to low-credibility content about the pandemic across two major social media platforms, Twitter and Facebook. We characterize cross-platform similarities and differences in popular sources, diffusion patterns, influencers, coordination, and automation. Comparing the two platforms, we find divergence among the prevalence of popular low-credibility sources and suspicious videos. A minority of accounts and pages exert a strong influence on each platform. These misinformation "superspreaders" are often associated with the low-credibility sources and tend to be verified by the platforms. On both platforms, there is evidence of coordinated sharing of Infodemic content. The overt nature of this manipulation points to the need for societal-level solutions in addition to mitigation strategies within the platforms. However, we highlight limits imposed by inconsistent data-access policies on our capability to study harmful manipulations of information ecosystems.

Scholarship on (mis)information does not easily translate into recommendations for policy-makers and policy influencers who wish to judge the accuracy of science-related truth claims. This is partly due to much of this literature being based on lab experiments with captive audiences that tell us little about the durability or scalability of any potential intervention in the real world. More importantly, the "accuracy" of scientific truth claims is much more difficult to define than many scholars in this space acknowledge. Uncertainties associated with the nature of science, sociopolitical climates, and media systems introduce compounding error in assessments of claim accuracy. We, therefore, need a more nuanced understanding of misinformation and disinformation than those often present in discussions of the "infodemic." Here, we propose a new framework for evaluating science-related truth claims and apply it to real-world examples. We conclude by discussing implications for research and action on (mis)information, given that distinguishing between true and false claims is not as easy as it is sometimes purported to be.

The purpose of the analysis described in the text was to identify the characteristic features of the infodemic as a phenomenon on the example of the infodemic accompanying the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. The author began with the definition developed by the World Health Organization in 2018, and traced the earliest scientific studies describing the phenomenon. Then, based on results of the examination of the studies and experts' comments relating to the COVID-19 infodemic, the author described the main features of infodemic and their indicators. As a result of the investigation, the author decided to add four additional features to the initial infodemic characteristics. This is a new approach to the topic: the scientific literature on the does not contain such detailed characteristics of infodemic and focuses rather on selected phenomena associated with it.

Objective. This survey research intends to understand how people from a fourth-class municipality of Cavite made their decision to be vaccinated in spite of false information circulating within family, friends, and neighbors. Methods. The study employed survey research and gathered data using voluntary sampling from a pool of citizens with an appointment schedule in the vaccination site located in Magallanes, Cavite. Results. The pandemic saw a rise in the spread of information disorders. The proliferation of fake news and misinformation affect our lives as they disrupt relationships with family members and friends. Trust is being questioned as people believe in contrasting medical opinions. The overload of information sharing is a challenge for individuals to evaluate news sources coming from multiple platforms. As the status of inoculation in the Philippines is ongoing, citizens who want protection took time to get vaccinated. The impact of traditional and social media continues to be powerful influencers in information dissemination. As we deal with overabundance of information, librarians have an emerging role to play. Conclusions. Librarians are seen as partners of a local government unit in promoting citizens' well-being, providing credible sources of health information vital for an individual to help them arrive at an informed decision, and showcase advantages of vaccines as evidenced by scientific publications.

"The World Health Organization warned early on that Covid-19 would cause a global 'infodemic' - a surge of misleading information on the origin of the disease, its symptoms and potential cures. This book discusses the conspiracy theories, the disinformation campaigns and the propaganda tactics that emerged alongside the international health crisis related to the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on original research combining both qualitative and quantitative methods, Cosentino discusses the Covid-19 'infodemic' by drawing on studies of post-truth and disinformation, and framing the issue as a primarily geopolitical concept intersected by ideological tensions, cultural anxieties and by information warfare strategies and tactics among a plurality of factors. The comparative perspective of the book is supported by case studies from the MENA region as well as from other world regions affected by the pandemic and by its related disinformation. Cosentino demonstrates how disinformation warfare around Covid-19 is occurring at multiple levels within the social and political bodies of the United States, Russia, the European Union and China, which have all been dramatically impacted by the pandemic in economic and political terms"--