Suchergebnisse

AbstractRelying on examples from international, EU and comparative law and drawing on insights from the class action literature, this article argues that important advances in minority rights protection can be achieved without the revision of substantive legal provisions and the full-scale embracing of collective rights. Allowing minority members to present their claims on behalf of a larger group (collective procedure), even when such claims ultimately rest on the rights of individuals as opposed to those of the group, strengthens minority rights and can transform our vision of them. An overview of eight interrelated benefits shows not only how these advantages occur, but also why the procedural approach avoids the issues that motivate negative critiques of group rights.

AbstractWe develop an approach to studying new business governance models and we illustrate how these models take the general interest into account. We outline the main prevailing trends, in the context of the Québec model of development, and discuss the new conceptions of the state and of its role in governance. As a result of this, organizations and institutions are playing a new role in the pursuit of the general interest, which we examine using the 'Solidarity Fund' of the Fédération des travailleurs et travailleuses du Québec (FTQ). We suggest that a partnership‐based governance model may help support the emergence of a new mixed economy that weds the general interest with individual and collective interests in an original way.

AbstractThe future health of the human service nonprofit sector depends largely upon its ability to train a diverse generation of emerging and current leaders (Araque & Weiss, 2019, Oxford University Press). To successfully meet this challenge, leadership development programs must ensure equitable access to training and equip participants, especially women, to not just develop a leadership mindset, but apply the knowledge and skills they gain to change behaviors and organizational practices (Araque & Weiss, 2019, Oxford University Press). We examine the experiences of a sample of racially diverse (56% of color and 44% White) women human service professionals across the first 5 years of a leadership development program and highlight the impact of their leadership learning and coaching on changes in individual and organizational behaviors. Data were collected through a Qualtrics online survey of 76 of 96 (79% response rate) women participants and two interviews with women coaches who facilitated multiple peer coaching circles. Results show the value and benefits of leadership learning and coaching on women's mindset and work behaviors. As participants moved from learning to action, they applied a range of new ways of behaving and performing, which they perceived had an impact on their organizations' practices and members.

Cambodia is a country that has received large investments of international aid to secure the land and housing rights of informal dwellers. Most investments have been directed towards funding a market-led formalisation programme known as the Land Management and Administration Program (LMAP) to stimulate land markets without critical consideration of the complex power relationships that characterise the access to secure land by the urban poor in this context. By presenting a case study of one informal settlement in Phnom Penh this paper addresses structural problems with the implementation of the LMAP including the exclusion of informal settlements from the land registry and the earmarking of public land for future development. The paper reveals another layer of complexity by explaining the implications of the individual model of the programme in the collective support networks of the urban poor and their own capacities to resist forced and market-led evictions. The paper argues that a space should be opened for collective action in informal settlement upgrading and land formalisation programmes to address the structural causes of tenure insecurity in Phnom Penh.
This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0.

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Although sport activities have beneficial effects on health, excessive practice can lead to exercise addiction (EA), which can be associated with other addictive behaviors. However, results regarding the comorbidities between EA and alcohol use disorder (AUD) remain heterogeneous. This study aims to investigate the relationship between a proxy of AUD and different sport practices, more specifically focusing on EA. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> One thousand nine hundred eighty-five (<i>N</i> = 1,985) participants were recruited online and selected to represent the French adult population. Participants were asked to answer questions regarding sport activity, with the EA inventory questionnaire investigating EA, and alcohol consumption, with the CAGE questionnaire investigating a proxy of AUD (score ≥2). <b><i>Results:</i></b> AUD was associated with a higher risk of EA and with more time devoted to collective sports (such as football) and two-person sports (such as tennis). The risk of EA was higher for individual sports (such as running), and the risk of AUD seems to increase with the level of physical activity for collective sport but to decrease for individual sports. The type of sports partly but significantly mediated the relationship between AUD and EA. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Results support the hypothesis that different types of sport have different risks for EA (individual sports being more concerned) and AUD (collective sports being more concerned). Results suggest that the type of sports may be a crucial variable to understand how physical activity can be a risk factor for alcohol disorders. The social dimension of collective sports should be further investigated to facilitate preventive approaches.

Abstract:This essay offers an account of feasible actions. It criticizes the conditional
account of feasibility and offers instead what I call the constrained account of
feasibility. The constrained account is superior, I argue, on account of how it
deals with the problem of motivational failure to act and with collective
action. According to the constrained account, roughly put, an action is feasible
when the agent or agents performing it know how to perform it and are
appropriately responsive to incentives. The essay shows that some collective
requirements for action that appear feasible are not in fact feasible.