Suchergebnisse

An intergenerational shift from more pro-family norms to individu-al-choice norms has been taking place since the 1980s. Conditions of economic and social security positively contributed to this shift especially in high-in-come countries. In this paper, we study the modernisation change on value structures in selected Central and Eastern European countries and compare them with Western European ones and look at the generational differences. We first check whether the value shift is moving in the assumed direction and whether it is copying trends observed in Western European countries. We then look at different generations to determine whether the younger genera-tions in CEE countries that grew up after 1989, in a time of rapid economic and political change, show higher levels of post-materialist and post-modern val-ues than the generations socialised and raised during the communist regime. We use data collected by the international repeated cross-sectional European Values Study (EVS). The results are not clear-cut on whether socioeconomic modernisation has led to higher shares of post-materialism, more gender-egalitarian attitudes, and stronger support for individual-choice norms in CEE countries. In all the spheres of cultural modernisation analysed we found differences in values and attitudes between generations: the older generations were always more traditional than the younger generations. This was not just true in the CEE countries, as the same trend was recorded in the Western European countries. ; An intergenerational shift from more pro-family norms to individu-al-choice norms has been taking place since the 1980s. Conditions of economic and social security positively contributed to this shift especially in high-in-come countries. In this paper, we study the modernisation change on value structures in selected Central and Eastern European countries and compare them with Western European ones and look at the generational differences. We first check whether the value shift is moving in the assumed direction and whether it is copying trends observed in Western European countries. We then look at different generations to determine whether the younger genera-tions in CEE countries that grew up after 1989, in a time of rapid economic and political change, show higher levels of post-materialist and post-modern val-ues than the generations socialised and raised during the communist regime. We use data collected by the international repeated cross-sectional European Values Study (EVS). The results are not clear-cut on whether socioeconomic modernisation has led to higher shares of post-materialism, more gender-egalitarian attitudes, and stronger support for individual-choice norms in CEE countries. In all the spheres of cultural modernisation analysed we found differences in values and attitudes between generations: the older generations were always more traditional than the younger generations. This was not just true in the CEE countries, as the same trend was recorded in the Western European countries.

Technologie přijetí hraje klíčovou úlohu při zlepšování produktivity a příjmů z farmlands v rozvinutých i rozvojových zemích. Nicméně, nové technologie, nebyly plně využity zemědělci v posledních letech [16]. Technologie přijetí závisí na chování zemědělců 'změnit. Zemědělci chování určit na základě jejich víry a motivy, které po dlouhou dobu. Pochopení víry a motivy ovlivňují přijetí Farmers 'zdokonalených technologií jsou zásadní pro zvýšení produkce a zisku v zemědělskou půdu. Klíčovým teorie použitá v tomto dokumentu je teorie plánovaného chování. Vysvětluje, že ty skutečné chování se řídí tři proměnné a sice postoj, subjektivní normy a vnímaná kontrola chování. Tam jsou některé kritiky o predikci chování Farmers 'těmito třemi proměnnými. Jako výsledek, mnoho výzkumy naznačují, že predikce chování může být zvýšena přidáním dalších faktorů do modelu TPB. Motivace je jedním z možných faktorů, které mohou být vysvětleny individuálním rozhodování komplexněji. Cílem této knihy je vztah různých druhů motivace ke zlepšení predikce chování Farmers 'určením nejvýznamnější přesvědčení, které určují rozhodnutí o přijetí technologie. Ke splnění tohoto účelu, různé druhy motivace, a jak přispívají k rozhodnutí technologii přijetí zemědělců, byly identifikovány. Teorie plánovaného chování (TPB) a sebeurčení teorie (SDT), byly použity jako hlavní teoretické modely. Tyto dvě teorie byly integrovány s cílem vytvořit více vysvětlující model předpovědět individuální chování. Model vyvinutý tento dokument přispěje k rozvoji zemědělské prodloužení a tvůrci politiky, aby nabídly lepší pomoc zemědělcům. ; Technology adoption plays a key role in improving productivity and income from farmlands in developed and developing counties. However, new technologies have not been fully utilized by the farmers over the past years [16]. Technology adoption depends on farmers? behavioural change. Farmers behaviour determine by their beliefs and motives, which they have for long time. Understanding the beliefs and motives affecting farmers? adoption of improved technologies are critical to increase the production and profit in farmland. The key theory used in this paper is Theory of Planned Behaviour. It explains that ones actual behaviour is guided by three variables namely attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. There are some criticisms about prediction of farmers? behaviour by these three variables. As a result, many researches have suggested that prediction of behaviour can be increased by adding other factors into the TPB model. Motivation is one of the potential factors that can be explained individual?s decision making more comprehensively. The aim of this paper is to link the different types of motivation to improve the prediction of farmers? behaviour by identifying most relevant beliefs that determine technology adoption decisions. To fulfil this purpose, different types of motivation, and how they contribute to technology adoption decisions of farmers, were identified. Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Self Determination Theory (SDT) were used as the main theoretical models. These two theories were integrated in order to develop a more explanatory model to predict individual?s behaviour. The model developed by this paper will contribute to the advancement of agricultural extension and policy makers to offer better assistance to farmers.