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4.4 Malicious Contamination of FoodReferences; Chapter 5: Multiresidual Determination of 295 Pesticides and Chemical Pollutants in Animal Fat by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) Cleanup Coupled with GC-MS/MS, GC-NCI-MS, and LC-MS/MS; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Experiment; 5.3 Results and Discussion; 5.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 6: Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: A Reliable Tool for Analysis of Veterinary Drugs in Food; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Veterinary Drug Legislation; 6.3 Analytical Techniques for VD Residue Analysis.

We present VITRIFAST, a high throughput optimization procedure to characterize the vitrification kinetics based on calorimetric measurements. By analyzing the temperature dependence of specific heat capacity, the method determines the fictive temperature, Tf , and the enthalpy change during physical aging, ΔH, within only a few seconds. We tested VITRIFAST on the low molecular weight glass-former o - terphenyl (OTP) and on an archetypal glass forming polymer, polystyrene (PS), by analyzing the outcome of two classical sets of experi- ments. By means of fast scanning calorimetry (FSC), we characterized the vitrification kinetics in a wide range of cooling rates and the isothermal physical aging after vitrification at a given rate. In less than 3 minutes, our method could process 18 different calorimetric scans and provided values of Tf and ΔH in excellent agreement with those reported in the literature. VITRIFAST can be employed in the analysis of the temperature dependence of any type of second order derivative of free energy and represents a tremendous advance in the data analysis of calorimetric scans. The method is particularly helpful for fast scanning calorimetry users, considering the extremely large number of heat capacity scans recorded by this technique within a few minutes. ; S. N and A. A. acknowledge financial support from Action Concert Recherche-ULB under project SADI, and the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique FNRS under Grant T.0184.20 EXOTICAGE. D.C. acknowledges financial support from the project PGC2018-094548-B-I00 (MICINN-Spain and FEDER-UE) and the project IT-1175-19 (Basque Government). ; Peer reviewed

Here we introduce the Computational Recognition of Secondary Structure (CROSS) method to calculate the structural profile of an RNA sequence (single- or double-stranded state) at single-nucleotide resolution and without sequence length restrictions. We trained CROSS using data from high-throughput experiments such as Selective 2΄-Hydroxyl Acylation analyzed by Primer Extension (SHAPE; Mouse and HIV transcriptomes) and Parallel Analysis of RNA Structure (PARS; Human and Yeast transcriptomes) as well as high-quality NMR/X-ray structures (PDB database). The algorithm uses primary structure information alone to predict experimental structural profiles with >80% accuracy, showing high performances on large RNAs such as Xist (17 900 nucleotides; Area Under the ROC Curve AUC of 0.75 on dimethyl sulfate (DMS) experiments). We integrated CROSS in thermodynamics-based methods to predict secondary structure and observed an increase in their predictive power by up to 30%. ; The research leading to these results has received funding from European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013]; European Research Council [RIBOMYLOME_309545 to GGT]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [BFU2014-55054-P to GGT]; AGAUR [2014 SGR 00685 to GGT]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, European Research Development Fund ERDF, 'Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013-2017' [SEV-2012-0208]. Funding for open access charge: European Research Council [RIBOMYLOME_309545 to GGT]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [BFU2014-55054-P to GGT]. The authors also thank the CRG fellowship to SM.

Presentation to the Government of Canada Modernized Approaches to Risk Science (MARS) monthly webinar March 2022 Search for CCTE records in EPA's Science Inventory by typing in the title at this link. https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_search_results.cfm?advSearch=true&showCriteria=2&keyword=CCTE&TIMSType=&TIMSSubTypeID=&epaNumber=&ombCat=Any&dateBeginPublishedPresented=07/01/2017&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&DEID=&personName=&personID=&role=Any&journalName=&journalID=&publisherName=&publisherID=&sortBy=pubDate&count=25

World-wide introduction of high throughput screening (HTS) methods in
drug discovery research did not result in the increased number of novel medications on
the market. We discuss novel trends in drug discovery that came from the understanding
that majority of diseases are multifactorial and that one enzyme has many protein
substrates. Hence, new approaches are focused on development of drugs, which (1)
trigger survival pathways to return the organism to homeostatic balance, and (2)
inhibit enzymes modifying histones or transcription factors not at the active site, but
by displacement of protein substrates from the enzyme complexes. A good example
for both approaches comes from the development of activators of antioxidant defense.
We analyze and illustrate problems of commonly used in vitro HTS assays, and briefl y
discuss advantages and limitations of small animal models. The novel approaches are
complementary to the standard HTS and do not substitute for testing in mammals.
Development of transgenic reporter mice to monitor drug effects by means of in vivo
imaging is extremely promising to select proper dosage and administration regimes for
full-range PK studies.

In this chapter we will review the common steps in the analysis of whole genome singlebase-pair resolution methylation data including the pre-processing of the reads, the alignment and the read out of the methylation information of individual cytosines. We will specially focus on the possible error sources which need to be taken into account in order to generate high quality methylation maps. Several tools have been already developed to convert the sequencing data into knowledge about the methylation levels. We will review the most used tools discussing both technical aspects like user-friendliness and speed, but also biologically relevant questions as the quality control. For one of these tools, NGSmethPipe, we will give a step by step tutorial including installation and methylation profiling for different data types and species. We will conclude the chapter with a brief discussion of NGSmethDB, a database for the storage of single-base resolution methylation maps that can be used to further analyze the obtained methylation maps. ; This work was supported by the Ministry of Innovation and Science of the Spanish Government [BIO2010-20219 (M.H.), BIO2008-01353 (J.L.O.)]; 'Juan de la Cierva' grant (to M.H.) and Basque Country 'Programa de formación de investigadores' grant (to G.B.).

We thank Nico Vangoethem for help with preparation of the figures and Ilse Palmans, Tom Adriany, and Selien Schots for technical assistance. Financial support was obtained from the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme initiated by the Belgian Science Policy Office (IAP P7/28) and by the KU Leuven Research Council (C14/17/063). C.D. acknowledges support from the French Government's Investissement d'Avenir program (Laboratoire d'Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID). C.A.M. and C.D. acknowledge support from the Wellcome Trust (088858/Z/09/Z). C.A.M. acknowledges support from the MRC Centre for Medical Mycology (MR/N006364/1) and the University of Aberdeen. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF

Hochdurchsatzprüfungen kommen in der Pharma- und Lebensmittelindustrie sowie der Medizintechnik zur Anwendung und gestatten Analysen für eine große Anzahl von Proben. Zur logistischen Steuerung von Hochdurchsatzprüfungen mit mehreren Bearbeitungs- und Prüfstationen sind derzeit keine Methoden bekannt. Der Fachartikel stellt einen ersten Ansatz der Steuerung von Hochdurchsatzsystemen zur Materialprüfung vor. Dieser Ansatz verkürzt die erforderlichen Durchlaufzeiten der Prüfungen.
 
High-throughput tests are applied in the pharmaceutical industry, the food industry or in medical technology. They allow for testing a large number of samples. The logistical control of high-throughput systems with several test beds has not been addressed in research yet. In the following, an approach for the logistical control of high- throughput tests is presented. The approach reduces the throughput time of the tests.

Abstract High throughput sequencing (HTS) generates large amounts of high quality sequence data for microbial genomics. The value of HTS for microbial forensics is the speed at which evidence can be collected and the power to characterize microbial-related evidence to solve biocrimes and bioterrorist events. As HTS technologies continue to improve, they provide increasingly powerful sets of tools to support the entire field of microbial forensics. Accurate, credible results allow analysis and interpretation, significantly influencing the course and/or focus of an investigation, and can impact the response of the government to an attack having individual, political, economic or military consequences. Interpretation of the results of microbial forensic analyses relies on understanding the performance and limitations of HTS methods, including analytical processes, assays and data interpretation. The utility of HTS must be defined carefully within established operating conditions and tolerances. Validation is essential in the development and implementation of microbial forensics methods used for formulating investigative leads attribution. HTS strategies vary, requiring guiding principles for HTS system validation. Three initial aspects of HTS, irrespective of chemistry, instrumentation or software are: 1) sample preparation, 2) sequencing, and 3) data analysis. Criteria that should be considered for HTS validation for microbial forensics are presented here. Validation should be defined in terms of specific application and the criteria described here comprise a foundation for investigators to establish, validate and implement HTS as a tool in microbial forensics, enhancing public safety and national security.