Suchergebnisse

"The gravity model in economics was until relatively recently an intellectual orphan, unconnected to the rich family of economic theory. This review is a tale of the orphan's reunion with its heritage and the benefits that have flowed from it. Gravity has long been one of the most successful empirical models in economics. Incorporating the theoretical foundations of gravity into recent practice has led to a richer and more accurate estimation and interpretation of the spatial relations described by gravity. Recent developments are reviewed here and suggestions are made for promising future research"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

This study analyzes the factors influencing tourism demand in Bangladesh following tourism potential of the country. The study estimates tourism demand in the form of tourist arrival (TA) based on key economic factors like distance, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, population, Consumer Price Index (CPI) and exchange rate. The paper applies Rodrigue's modified Gravity model through GLS regression analysis based on 4-year panel data from 2009-2012 of 30 origin countries. In considering the absolute purpose of tourism, the basic log-linear model has been revised with the actual volume of TA instead of government recorded gross TA. Derived log-linear equation indicates that TA is positively correlated with GDP per capita and population and negatively associated with distance, exchange rate, and CPI. Thus, the study findings direct to potential market for Bangladeshi tourism resulting from short distance, higher GDP per capita of origin country and lower inflation rate reflected through CPI in Bangladesh.

Relaxed gravity models, that is, gravity models with upper and lower bounds on the marginal totals, often have solutions with the property that the upper or lower bounds are satisfied with equality for most marginal totals. In this paper modifications are presented for the relaxed gravity models, which overcome this unwanted model property. The paper contains illustrative examples with data from the county of Östergötland, Sweden.

Gravity models describe, and hence help predict, spatial flows of commuters, air-travelers, migrants, commodities and even messages. They are one of the oldest and most widely used of all social science models. This book presents an up-to-date, consistent and unified approach to the theory, methods and application of the gravity model - which spans from the axiomatic foundations of such models all the way to practical hints for their use. "I have found no better general method for use in applied research dealing with spatial interaction.. It is against this background that the present book by Sen and Smith is most welcomed." Walter Isard

The application of Newton's law of gravity in explaining international trade proved to be very successful. The popularity of a gravity model for explaining trade flows has been due to the fact that the calculations require affordable data for every economy. The basic elements of the panel gravity model are mainly GDP, population and distance. This paper analyses Serbia's trade from 2001 to 2018 based on the experience of neighbouring countries of Croatia and Romania, using STATA software. The trade exchange with more distanced EU members is less realized. The country tends to trade much more with its neighbouring EU members, proving the basic assumption of a gravity model. There are exceptions regarding some parts of the trade with developed EU economies, regardless of their distance. These relations will help us to evaluate the trade pattern and direction of Serbian trade in the EU accession process using a gravity model.

This dissertation was prepared by Jasmin Gröschl and is a collection of five self-contained empirical essays. They aim at contributing to the understanding of non-standard determinants of trade and migration: historical and cultural characteristics in the United States (Chapter 1), policy-induced regulations in agricultural and food products (Chapter 2), and natural disasters (Chapter 3); and how international integration of countries shapes economic growth and helps to contain the costs of natural disasters: trade openness and income per capita (Chapter 4), and natural disasters, international integration, and economic growth (Chapter 5).

This dissertation was prepared by Jasmin Gröschl and is a collection of five self-contained empirical essays. They aim at contributing to the understanding of non-standard determinants of trade and migration: historical and cultural characteristics in the United States (Chapter 1), policy-induced regulations in agricultural and food products (Chapter 2), and natural disasters (Chapter 3); and how international integration of countries shapes economic growth and helps to contain the costs of natural disasters: trade openness and income per capita (Chapter 4), and natural disasters, international integration, and economic growth (Chapter 5).

This paper examines the effects of zero trade on the estimation of the gravity model using both simulated and real data with a panel structure, which is different from the more conventional cross-sectional structure. We begin by showing that the usual log-linear estimation method can result in highly deceptive inference when some observations are zero. As an alternative approach, we suggest using the Poisson fixed effects estimator. This approach eliminates the problems of zero trade and is shown to perform well in small samples.