Suchergebnisse

This article focuses on the model of local regulation of economic uncertainty that can be described as ' competitive regionalism', a governance mode characterized by its own rhetoric, key actors and political economy. The first part of the article presents a contradiction: on the one hand, private actors and market regulation have gained much importance, but on the other this process of marketization has been partly balanced by the role played by local governments, collective actors and other bodies and organizations, although trade unions are playing only a weak role, especially where they do not have a local territorial base. Thus, marketization seems to increase rather than reduce the need for intervention by public actors and collective organizations able to reduce externalities produced by the market. The second part of the article shows the impact of the economic crisis on the model of competitive regionalism and a number of possible policy implications.

AbstractThe evidence-based policy (EBP) movement has often focused on relatively stable policy issues and service programs where rigorous analysis has been able to enhance policy-makers' consideration of improvement options. However, EBP has taken different turns in policy fields marked by value-conflict, rapid change, high risk or radical uncertainty. One such area in recent years has been water policy, in the context of water scarcity. There have been urgent new challenges for water policy, planning and delivery in many cities and regions around the world. This paper examines an Australian case-study, the urban water crisis in Southeast Queensland (SEQ), taking a policy governance perspective. The State government became increasingly alarmed by the deteriorating water-supply outlook, and undertook a number of policy changes including substantial re-structuring of urban water governance. The paper raises issues about the evidence base for decision-making, and for policy learning, where policy governance is shaped under conditions of uncertainty and crisis.

States that claim responsibility for citizens' healthcare try to deal with knowledge uncertainties while preserving a duty of care. Production of clinical guidelines in disputed medical conditions or where uncertainty is high, is difficult. Patient groups may advocate non-credentialed evidence, contribute to debates and form alliances with established policy actors. In this context, Lyme disease, especially highly contested 'chronic' Lyme disease is a good case with which to examine how official governance institutions are managing diagnostic uncertainty and evidence for tests. The healthcare state has been provoked to develop extensive policy for Lyme disease. In the UK, national Health Technology Assessment agency, NICE, began a consultation process in 2016. NICE and other policy actors are moving towards more participatory modes of decision-making. The article analyses NICE's recently published guidelines and consultation documents; patient groups' contributions; observations of consultations and of evidence review processes; and recent Department of Health systematic reviews, including patient group participation. We draw on concepts of participatory governance, patient group activism and guideline involvement. We find an increased level of participation by patient groups in recent policy and evidence review processes, and hence legitimation of them as 'stakeholders', alongside a strengthened state position on pre-existing diagnostic and testing standards.

States that claim responsibility for citizens' healthcare try to deal with knowledge uncertainties while preserving a duty of care. Production of clinical guidelines in disputed medical conditions or where uncertainty is high, is difficult. Patient groups may advocate non-credentialed evidence, contribute to debates and form alliances with established policy actors. In this context, Lyme disease, especially highly contested 'chronic' Lyme disease is a good case with which to examine how official governance institutions are managing diagnostic uncertainty and evidence for tests. The healthcare state has been provoked to develop extensive policy for Lyme disease. In the UK, national Health Technology Assessment agency, NICE, began a consultation process in 2016. NICE and other policy actors are moving towards more participatory modes of decision-making. The article analyses NICE's recently published guidelines and consultation documents; patient groups' contributions; observations of consultations and of evidence review processes; and recent Department of Health systematic reviews, including patient group participation. We draw on concepts of participatory governance, patient group activism and guideline involvement. We find an increased level of participation by patient groups in recent policy and evidence review processes, and hence legitimation of them as 'stakeholders', alongside a strengthened state position on pre-existing diagnostic and testing standards.

In etablierten Unternehmen ist das Risikomanagement ein fester und unumstrittener Bestandteil der Unternehmenssteuerung wie auch des Businessplanes, für dessen praktische Umsetzung es bewährte Enterprise Risk Management Systeme und Guidelines gibt. Aufgrund der völlig anderen Ausgangslage bei Jungunternehmen (Ressourcen, nicht messbare Risiken, fehlende Erfahrungswerte) liegen bis dato keine Handlungsempfehlungen für deren Risikomanagement vor. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, ein verbessertes Verständnis für die Art und Weise zu erlangen, wie Jungunternehmen mit Risiken umgehen, und welcher Art diese Risiken typischerweise sind. Ausgehend von der generellen Forschungsfrage, wie Jungunternehmer die Risiken ihres Unternehmens managen, und wie sie sich von etablierten Unternehmen unterscheiden, ist es ein weiteres Ziel der Arbeit, eine Handlungsempfehlung für die Praxis zu bieten. Die Arbeit verwendet als Forschungsansatz eine qualitative Fallstudienmethodik. Die Datenerhebung fand im Rahmen von halbstrukturierten Experteninterviews statt. Es wurden 14 Vertreter von aktuellen oder ehemaligen Jungunternehmen sowie sechs Experten bzw. Investoren bezüglich ihres Umganges mit Risikomanagement oder Uncertainty-Governance im Hinblick auf Risiken und Unsicherheiten ihrer Unternehmen befragt. Anhand der gewonnenen Empirie liessen sich in Bezug auf die eingangs erläuterten Forschungsfragen folgende Erkenntnisse ableiten: Die typischen Risiken der Jungunternehmen sind der Teamzusammenhalt, das Marktrisiko, mangelnde Managementfähigkeiten sowie die Liquidität. In der Frühphase bindet ein formales Risikomanagement zu viele Ressourcen; es basiert zudem auf vielen Unsicherheitsfaktoren, sodass es oft nicht oder kaum betrieben wird. In dieser Phase müssen intuitive subjektive Entscheide zur Risikobewertung hinzugezogen werden. Formales Risikomanagement gewinnt aber mit dem Unternehmenswachstum zunehmend an Bedeutung und

AbstractMigration inherently embodies uncertainty and dynamism, eluding precise conceptualization, definition and measurement. Embedded within intricate migration driver environments and shaped by the diverse agency of actors involved—prospective migrants, intermediaries and policymakers—migration defies easy prediction and effective policy response. This inherent complexity within international migration flows poses immediate and long‐term governance challenges. This paper delves into the impact of migration‐related uncertainty on European migration governance. We scrutinize how uncertainty shapes migration policy responses and investigate the roles of key actors in assessing and communicating various facets of migration‐related uncertainty. Employing illustrative cases—the Syrian refugee situation and environmentally induced migration—we uncover how uncertainty influences European migration governance and policymaking. Our study sheds light on the interplay between migration uncertainty and governance processes. The findings emphasize the need for nuanced policy approaches to navigate the complexities inherent in international migration processes.

ABSTRACTGoverning complex environmental issues involves intensive interaction between public and private actors. These governance processes are fraught with uncertainties about, for example, the current state of environmental affairs, the relevant set of decision alternatives, the reactions of other actors to proposed solutions or the future developments likely to affect an issue. Uncertainty comes in different shapes and sizes and different strands in the literature, which has placed emphasis either on the substance of the issue (e.g. in environmental sciences) or on the decision-making process (e.g. policy sciences). In this paper, we bring together these different strands of literature on uncertainty to present a novel analytical framework. We build on the argument that the nature of uncertainty consists of three types: epistemic uncertainty (involving the lack of knowledge about a particular system), ontological uncertainty (irreducible unpredictability due to inherently complex system behavior) and ambiguity (conflicts between fundamentally different frames about the issue at hand). Scholars have also argued the importance of differentiating between three different objects of uncertainty: substantive uncertainty (uncertainty about the content of decisions or policy issues), strategic uncertainty (uncertainty about the actions of other actors in the strategic game of decision-making) and institutional uncertainty (uncertainty about the rules of the game in decision-making). The framework is useful for analyzing and addressing the nine lives of uncertainty in decision-making. Better understanding of the range of uncertainties is crucial to design more robust policies and governance arrangements and to deal with wicked environmental problems.