Suchergebnisse

"Der Aufsatz schätzt die regionale Verteilung der Erwerbslosenraten und befaßt sich mit der Dynamik innerhalb der Verteilung, um das Ausmaß der regionalen Ungleichheiten in den Erwerbslosenraten Spaniens während der letzten Jahrzehnte zu analysieren. Er beurteilt auch den Beitrag von Gleichgewichts- und Ungleichgewichtsfaktoren insoweit als sie räumliche Unterschiede in Erwerbslosenraten verursachen. Neben der üblichen Regressionsanalyse werden die Auswirkungen dieser Faktoren auf die gesamtregionale Verbreitung berechnet. Die Resultate lassen das Vorkommen großer Unterschiede der Erwerbslosenraten in spanischen Provinzen erkennen, deren geographische Verteilung durch große Beharrlichkeit gekennzeichnet wird. Die meisten Eigenschaften der Verteilung werden durch die Gleichgewichtskomponente der Erwerbslosigkeit verursacht, obschon der Einfluss der Variablen des Marktgleichgewichts sich im Laufe des Zeitraums, den es zu analysieren gilt, verliert, während die ungleiche Verteilung von öffentlichen Einrichtungen der hauptverantwortliche Faktor in räumlichen Ungleichheiten der Erwerbslosenrate der neunziger Jahre ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Youthful offending rates for municipalities in metropolitan Melbourne have earlier been calculated, and those rates have been interpreted by some as indicating the seriousness of the problem from one municipality to another. However, that approach wrongfully presumes some social uniformity across the municipality. In this paper, three municipalities with quite different offending rates are broken into more socially homogeneous areas, and offending rates are calculated for those smaller areas. Each municipality is shown to have areas of both very high and very low offending rates, plainly indicating that a rate for the municipality alone masks the specific areas where problems may or may not occur. It is suggested that the benefits in providing such specific information based on other than historically determined boundaries, are obvious for social planning and funding purposes.

Intro -- CONTINENTAL SHELF: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, BIOTA AND ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 THE SEA BOTTOMS OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF OF THE NAPLES BAY (SOUTHERN ITALY): INFERENCES OF VOLCANIC AND SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES ON THE STRATIGRAPHIC ARCHITECTURE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GEOLOGIC SETTING -- 3. DATA AND METHODS -- 4. MORPHOBATHYMETRIC RESULTS -- 5. SEISMO-STRATIGRAPHIC RESULTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBMERGED TOPOGRAPHY ALONG THE EGYPTIAN RED SEA COAST -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. STUDY AREA -- 3. DATA AND METHODS -- 4. RESULTS OF DATA INTERPRETATION -- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER (BBL)MACROFAUNAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OVER OLIGOTROPHIC CONTINENTAL SHELVES: A NEW FIELD METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- FIELD EXPERIMENTS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

Background Pharmaceutical trials are mainly initiated by sponsors and investigators in the United States, Western Europe and Japan. However, more and more patients are enrolled in Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America and Asia. The involvement of patients in new geographical settings raises questions about scientific and ethical integrity, especially when experience with those settings is lacking at the level of trial management. We therefore studied to what extent the geographical shift in patient enrolment is anticipated in the composition of trial management teams using the author nationalities on the primary outcome publication as an indicator of leadership. Methods and Findings We conducted a cohort-study among 1,445 registered trials in www.clinicaltrials.gov that could be matched with a primary outcome publication using clinical trial registry numbers listed in publications. The name of the sponsor and the enrolment countries were extracted from all registrations. The author-addresses of all authors were extracted from the publications. We searched the author-address of all publications to determine whether enrolment countries and sponsors listed on registrations also appeared on a matched publication. Of all sponsors, 80.1% were listed with an author-address on the publication. Of all enrolment countries, 50.3% appeared with an author-address on the publication. The listing of enrolment countries was especially low for industry-funded trials (39.9%) as compared to government (90.4%) and not-for-profit funding (93.7%). We found that listing of enrolment countries in industry-funded trials was higher for traditional research locations such as the United States (98.2%) and Japan (72.0%) as compared to nontraditional research locations such as Poland (27.3%) and Mexico (14.1%). Conclusions Despite patient enrolment efforts, the involvement of researchers from nontraditional locations in trial management as measured by their contribution to manuscript writing is modest. This division of labor has significant implications for the scientific and ethical integrity of global clinical research.