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FEDERAL & STATE WELFARE ADMINISTRATORS ARE NOW CONCERNED MOST WITH REDUCING OVERPAYMENT ERRORS IN THE AFDC PROGRAM. THE AUTHOR CRITICIZES THAT CONCERN AS TOO ONE-SIDED. HE DISCUSSES THE TWO MAIN TYPES OF WELFARE ERRORS-ERROR OF STRINGENCY AND ERRORS OF LIBERALITY, AND EXAMINES THE IMPACT ON THEM OF TWO MAJOR PROCEDURAL CHANGES INTRODUCED IN CALIFORNIA DURING THE PAST FOUR YEARS;

Wireless Sensor Network is a collection of independent nodes and create a network for monitoring purposes in various scenarios like military operation, environmental operation etc. WSN network size is increasing very rapidly these days, due to large network size energy consumption is also increased and it has small battery, lifetime of network decreases due to early death of nodes and it impact the overall system performance. Clustering is a technique for enhance the network lifetime in WSN. Here in this paper we propose a new multi-objective adaptive swarm optimization (MASO) technique for clustering and computes the maximum number of clusters, which is best suited for the network. Each cluster has cluster head and cluster members and performed the task of local information extraction. Cluster head gathers all the extracted information from member nodes and send it to the base station, where base station performed global information extraction from all the cluster head nodes and generate some useful result. In MASO technique, object is used to find the best global position for the node and compare with existing position value. If new value is better than the old value, than node moves to a new position and object update their table for this new position. We are considering error probability in transmission of data packet in one hop communication. Here obtained the results are compared with other research in terms of overall network lifetime and effect on network lifetime when the size of the network is changed. We have fine tuned the node's decay rate and throughput of the network.

A combination of factors led in the early 1990s to the perceived need for a method of measuring error rate in braille transcription in such a way that it could be included in contracts between consumers and producers. The United Kingdom Association of Braille Producers (UKABP) designed a Standard 1.0 which comes into force on 1 July 1997 and will be reviewed in November 1998.