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A predictor variable or dose that is measured with substantial error may possess an error-free milestone, such that it is known with negligible error whether the value of the variable is to the left or right of the milestone. Such a milestone provides a basis for estimating a linear relationship between the true but unknown value of the error-free predictor and an outcome, because the milestone creates a strong and valid instrumental variable. The inferences are nonparametric and robust, and in the simplest cases, they are exact and distribution free. We also consider multiple milestones for a single predictor and milestones for several predictors whose partial slopes are estimated simultaneously. Examples are drawn from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, in which a BA degree acts as a milestone for sixteen years of education, and the binary indicator of military service acts as a milestone for years of service.

Abstract
This section includes eighty-six short original essays commissioned for the inaugural issue of TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly. Written by emerging academics, community-based writers, and senior scholars, each essay in this special issue, "Postposttranssexual: Key Concepts for a Twenty-First-Century Transgender Studies," revolves around a particular keyword or concept. Some contributions focus on a concept central to transgender studies; others describe a term of art from another discipline or interdisciplinary area and show how it might relate to transgender studies. While far from providing a complete picture of the field, these keywords begin to elucidate a conceptual vocabulary for transgender studies. Some of the submissions offer a deep and resilient resistance to the entire project of mapping the field terminologically; some reveal yet-unrealized critical potentials for the field; some take existing terms from canonical thinkers and develop the significance for transgender studies; some offer overviews of well-known methodologies and demonstrate their applicability within transgender studies; some suggest how transgender issues play out in various fields; and some map the productive tensions between trans studies and other interdisciplines.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- The Inadaptability Theory of Accident Causation -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Traditional Theories of Accident Causation -- 2.1. Domino Theory -- 2.2. Human Factors Theory -- 2.3. Accident/Incident Theory -- 2.4. Epidemiological Theory of Accident Causation -- 2.5. Systems Theory -- 2.6. Multiple Factors Theory -- 2.7. Combination Theory -- 2.8. Energy Transfer Theory -- 3. Modern Theories -- 4. Weaknesses of Existing Theories -- 5. Need for a New Theory -- 6. Proposing a New Theory: The Inadaptability Theory of Accident Causation -- 7. Inadaptability: A New Perspective -- 8. Factors Decreasing Adaptability -- 8.1. Incomplete Knowledge or Lack of Awareness -- 8.2. Alcohol and Drug Use -- 8.3. Diseases -- 8.4. Behavioral Factors -- 8.5. Age -- 8.6. Poor Management -- 8.7. Lack of Skills -- 8.8. Environmental Factors -- 8.9. Other Factors -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Human Error Occurrence in Different Work Settings of an Assembly Workstation -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 2.1. Setting the Experimental Work -- 2.2. Selection of Variables -- 2.2.1. Work Pace -- 2.2.2. Working Position -- 2.2.3. Component Bin Position -- 2.2.4. Jig Design -- 2.2.5. Gender -- 2.3. Experimental Design -- 2.4. Participants -- 2.5. Assembly Workstation Set up -- 2.6. Data Collection -- 2.7. Case Study -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Analysis of Variance -- 3.2. Main Effects Plot -- 3.2.1. Work Pace -- 3.2.2. Gender -- 3.2.3. Working Position -- 3.2.4. Component Bin Position -- 3.2.5. Jig Design -- 3.3. Fitted Model -- 3.4. Validation of Model -- 3.5. Comparison between Human Error and Total Production -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Human Error in Crime Laboratories: Analysis and Perspectives -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction

Christoph Wolf untersucht die Relevanz rechtlicher Wertungen des Täters für den strafrechtlichen Vorsatz. Seine diesbezügliche These, dass Rechtsirrtümer für den Vorsatz irrelevant sind, sucht der Autor durch eine breit angelegte Untersuchung abzusichern. Diese nimmt ihren Ursprung in Überlegungen zur Funktion der Strafrechtsdogmatik und unterzieht das dogmatische Instrumentarium der h.M. und dessen Anwendung im Kern- und Nebenstrafrecht einer eingehenden Kritik. Integriert sind in die Untersuchung die Bereiche des untauglichen Versuchs, des Erlaubnistatumstandsirrtums und der Rechtsanwendungspraxis. Am Ende gelangt der Autor zu dem Ergebnis, dass das propagierte Modell besser als das noch herrschende Konzept des vorsatzausschließenden Rechtsirrtums zu einer adäquaten Entlastung des Bürgers geeignet ist, der sich dieser Tage mit immer komplexeren rechtlichen Anforderungen konfrontiert sieht.

Despite the importance and prevalence of errors in organizations, there has been no attempt within the field of Industrial and Organizational psychology to create a single source that summarizes what we know regarding errors in organizations and provides a focused effort toward identifying future directions of research. This volume answers that need and provides contributions by researchers who have conducted a considerable amount of research on error occurring in the work context. Students, academics and practitioners in a wide range of disciplines, i.e., industrial organizational psychology

Abstract
A core normative assumption of welfare economics is that people ought to maximise utility and, as a corollary of that, they should be consistent in their choices. Behavioural economists have observed that people demonstrate systematic choice inconsistences, but rather than relaxing the normative assumption of utility maximisation they tend to attribute these behaviours to individual error. I argue in this article that this, in itself, is an error – an 'error error'. In reality, a planner cannot hope to understand the multifarious desires that drive a person's choices. Consequently, she is not able to discern which choice in an inconsistent set is erroneous. Moreover, those who are inconsistent may view neither of their choices as erroneous if the context reacts meaningfully with their valuation of outcomes. Others are similarly opposed to planners paternalistically intervening in the market mechanism to correct for behavioural inconsistencies, and advocate that the free market is the best means by which people can settle on mutually agreeable exchanges. However, I maintain that policymakers have a legitimate role in also enhancing people's agentic capabilities. The most important way in which to achieve this is to invest in aspects of human capital and to create institutions that are broadly considered foundational to a person's agency. However, there is also a role for so-called boosts to help to correct basic characterisation errors. I further contend that government regulations against self-interested acts of behavioural-informed manipulation by one party over another are legitimate, to protect the manipulated party from undesired inconsistency in their choices.