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Geoenergy and geoengineering applications usually involve fluid injection into and production from fractured media. Accounting for fractures is important because of the strong poromechanical coupling that ties pore pressure changes and deformation. A possible approach to the problem uses equivalent porous media to reduce the computational cost and model complexity instead of explicitly including fractures in the models. We investigate the validity of this simplification by comparing these two approaches. Simulation results show that pore pressure distribution significantly differs between the two approaches even when both are calibrated to predict identical values at the injection and production wells. Additionally, changes in fracture stability are not well captured with the equivalent porous medium. We conclude that explicitly accounting for fractures in numerical models may be necessary under some circumstances to perform reliable coupled thermohydromechanical simulations, which could be used in conjunction with other tools for induced seismicity forecasting. ; A.Z. acknowledges the financial support received from the "Iran's Ministry of Science, Research and Technology" (PhD students' sabbatical grants) for visiting IDAEA‐CSIC. The contribution of F.P. is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—project number PA 3451/1‐1. R.M. is thankful for the support from US DOE through Carbon SAFE Macon County Project DE‐FE0029381. V.V. acknowledges funding from the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) through the Intramural project 201730I100 and from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program through the Starting Grant GEoREST (www.georest.eu) (Grant agreement No. 801809). IDAEA‐CSIC is a Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Project CEX2018‐000794‐S). The authors declare no conflict of interest. ; Peer reviewed

25 pages, 18 figures.-- PACS nrs.: 12.38.Mh; 25.75.Nq; 11.10.Wx; 24.60.-k.-- ISI Article Identifier: 000251327000054.-- ArXiv pre-print available at: http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/0609073 ; Net charge fluctuations in a hadron gas are studied using an effective hadronic interaction. The emphasis of this work is to investigate the corrections of hadronic interactions to the charge fluctuations of a noninteracting resonance gas. Several methods such as loop, density, and virial expansions are employed. The calculations are also extended to SU(3), and some resummation schemes are considered. Although the various corrections are sizable individually, they cancel to a large extent. As a consequence, we find that charge fluctuations are rather well described by the free resonance gas. ; This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Division of Nuclear Physics, and by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Nuclear Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. It has also been supported by the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes and the program Formación de Profesorado Universitario of the Spanish Government. ; Peer reviewed

The paper presents a study of the processes of mutual diffusion in the binary system Fe - Ni (obtained by the electrocondensation of nickel and iron powders) by the method of X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, as well as the processes of thermal and electrical conductivity in the temperature range of 5-300 K. Well-separated regions of almost pure iron and nickel were revealed . The nickel content, estimated by the concentration dependence of the mutual diffusion coefficient, which determines the kinetics of the process of homogenization of the electroconsolidated sample of the Fe - Ni composite, was ~ 70 at. %. The value of the mutual diffusion coefficient of the electroconsolidated Fe - Ni composite is significantly higher than that of an alloy of a similar composition, which is probably the result of the influence of SPS technology (pressure and current in one direction during consolidation), as well as a significant contribution of grain boundary diffusion mass transfer in the composite. It was established that the electrical and thermal conductivity of the electroconsolidated sample is significantly higher than that of samples of the same composition obtained by melting. It was found that the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of the electroconsolidated sample in the studied interval of 5-300 K is due to the scattering of electrons on defects and on phonons, and the scattering of electrons on phonons can be approximated with high accuracy by the Bloch-Gruneisen-Wilson ratio. The paper shows that the experimental data on the temperature dependence of the effective electrical resistance and thermal conductivity in the range 4.2-300 K of the electroconsolidated Fe0.50Ni0.50 composite are within the Hashin-Shtrikman limits for the conductivities of a three-phase system. The components of the system are pure Fe and Ni, and the intergranular medium in the form of an alloy with an average composition close to Fe0.50Ni0.50 is considered as the third phase.

This paper examines the introduction of "discourse" into China by looking into the different usages and interpretations of the word: what discourse currently is (话语 – a new coinage); what it used to be (语篇 – a largely superseded rendition, an assimilation); what it could be (other forms of transliteration, assimilation and Japanese-based renditions); and what it arguably should be (说力 – a new coinage). The paper discusses accordingly how Western critical concepts travel into China, how different modes of translation alter their meanings, and what translation strategy should best be employed to facilitate conceptual exchanges between the West and China. Additionally, the paper traces back a well-hidden Japanese "gene" in a majority of Chinese cultural concepts, discloses the conceptual flaws in Chinese renditions, and recommends an informed strategy for translating Western critical cultural concepts into Chinese.

The article suggests a methodical approach to determining the index of the explosive action of munitions during their full-scale tests and provides calculated dependencies for its determination. These dependencies can be used to automate the process of obtaining the initial data necessary for assessing the effectiveness of the munitions that destroy munitions, the solution of which can be used to predict possible damage on military highways while undermining various munitions taking into account various properties of the ground, as well as in innovative technologies for efficient construction roads. ; В статье предложен методический подход к расчету характеристик фугасного действия боеприпасов при проведении их натурных испытаний и приведены расчетные зависимости для их определения. Эти зависимости можно использовать при автоматизации процесса получения исходных данных, необходимых для задач оценки эффективности поражающего фугасного действия боеприпасов, решение которых могут применяться для прогнозирования возможных разрушений на военных автомобильных дорогах при подрыве разных видов боеприпасов с учетом различных свойств грунта, а также в инновационных технологиях эффективного строительства автомобильных дорог.

The valuation surveying profession has experienced in recent years a number of innovations in its technology. Perhaps the most popular of these innovations is the use of equated yield analysis in investment appraisal. However, there is one type of equated yield which has received little critical attention and yet is relatively easy to understand and is employed in practice with obvious benefits. It is the equated yield without growth, more commonly referred to as the equivalent yield. Occasionally defined as the overall or average yield, it is in any event an internal rate of return that may be found by discounting the varying cash flows at a constant discount rate.

Our endeavour is dedicated to a few security devices. The first part of the current work is called "Words of Introduction". The second portion takes into account a Privy Council case: Agnew and Another v. Commissioner of Inland Revenue, Privy Council (New Zealand), 5 June 2001 (the Brumark case). The third part briefly focuses on charge and mortgage. The fourth portion, in a succinct manner, describes the hypothec. The fifth and final part shows that charge and hypothec are functional equivalents.