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AMERICAN INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS ARE CONTINUALLY REDEFINED THROUGH POLITICAL PROCESSES BY WHICH THE STATE AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENTS SEEK TO ACHIEVE THEIR RESPECTIVE POLICY GOALS. FOLLOWING A SUMMARY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEDERAL POLICY FOR THE DISPOSAL OF HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE (HLW), FEDERAL COURT CASES THAT HAVE RESULTED FROM THE SELECTION OF NEVADA AS THE NATION'S HOST FOR A HLW REPOSITORY ARE DISCUSSED. THE CASES RAISE, IN A UNIQUE WAY, QUESTIONS REGARDING THE EQUALITY OF STATES' POWER IN THE CONTEXT OF CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES SUCH AS THE EQUAL FOOTING DOCTRINE, THE PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITY CLAUSE, AND THE TENTH AMENDMENT. QUESTIONS ARE ALSO RAISED REGARDING THE ABILITY OF STATES TO SAFEGUARD THEIR INTERESTS IN THE POLITICAL ARENA AS DESCRIBED IN GARCIA.

Gender equality holds the key–position in the worldwide development. In every society people, as male and as female, are expected to make some exclusive role performance. This role internalization is done through the process of gender socialization. Irrespective of gender, people have equal access to the resources and services necessary to achieve their individual potential and fulfill their obligations to household, community and more broadly, society. Traditionally, the expected role performance of the female places them in a secondary position in the social structure and in the minds of men and women alike. All institutions–social, economic, political, religious and ideological have been dominated by men. Despite legislative steps prejudices, traditional attitudes and practices continue to perpetrate discrimination against women and actually, no country in the world can claim to have fully achieved gender equality. In the light of global developments on the issue, this paper will examine the steps taken so far by the society/government and make necessary suggestions, wherever possible keeping in view the practical approach of the problem. Since the issue is global, variations in status and state are bound to occur, but it would take a larger view of the matter in the interest of humanity as a whole.

Men and women remain unequal in the United States, but in this book, Robert Max Jackson demonstrates that gender inequality is irrevocably crumbling. Destined for Equality, the first integrated analysis of gender inequality's modern decline, tells the story of that progressive movement toward equality over the past two centuries in America, showing that women's status has risen consistently and continuously. Jackson asserts that women's rising status has been due largely to the emergence of modern political and economic organizations, which have transformed institutional priorities concerning gender. Although individual politicians and businessmen generally believed women should remain in their traditional roles, Jackson shows that it was simply not in the interests of modern enterprise and government to foster inequality. The search for profits, votes, organizational rationality, and stability all favored a gender-neutral approach that improved women's status. The inherent gender impartiality of organizational interests won out over the prejudiced preferences of the men who ran them

The present study examines trends in employment status in Egypt in an important era of democratic transition. It examines determinants of different labor force participation by gender. The empirical analysis is based on the World Values Survey of the fifth wave (2005-2008). A comparative descriptive approach is used to analyze the difference between males' and females' employment status. The study uses logistic regression analysis to examine the determinants of different labor force participation, and to examine the impact of different labor force practices and income equality on poverty. Empirical findings support a gender gap with respect to accessibility to full time paid work, only young females, regardless their computer skills, education attainment, marital status are more likely to be engaged in full time work, while those in middle age are more properly engaged in unpaid employment. The study also finds a gender gap in job search intensity. We also conclude that there is no linkage between employment status and poverty, however we find a positive and significant impact of females 'perception regarding the importance of having more equal distribution of income and their perception regarding the importance of poverty problem. These results show that women in Egypt are less engaged in decent jobs because they are less educated, having lower skills, more affected by income inequality and poverty. Social security should be reformed to cover all women, reforms are also needed for pensions, and unemployment insurance, to cover all retired, old age, care –giving, and unemployed individuals. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n9p27

The adoption of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was a landmark decision for indigenous rights. UNDRIP promises indigenous peoples the restitution of their land, resource, and political self-determination rights to the greatest extent possible. It aims to ensure that indigenous peoples are treated equal to other peoples. It also means to rectify the past unjust dispossession and forced political incorporation that indigenous peoples have experienced during colonialism. Yet, today, other peoples or states often occupy and use traditional lands of indigenous peoples. If indigenous peoples regain their traditional lands and sovereignty over them, the current occupants stand to lose their current rights. Thus, the challenge that indigenous rights pose is how to reconcile these conflicting rights or, if reconciliation is not possible, how to decide whose rights should prevail. This question is the topic of this thesis. The thesis argues for two things. First, it holds that when deciding which rights should be restituted to indigenous peoples we need to look at all the different interests that land and self-determination rights protect. For example, people can have economic or cultural interests in land. In some cases, these interests are incompatible but in other cases, rights can be shared in such a manner that the main interests of each party can be protected. Second, the thesis argues that indigenous peoples have a special interest in being recognized as moral equals by their former colonizers. During colonialism, the alleged inferiority of indigenous peoples justified the denial of indigenous land and self-determination rights. Therefore, the recognition of these rights nowadays serves as an affirmation of the moral status equality of indigenous peoples. This special interest of indigenous peoples must be taken into account when deciding rights conflicts between indigenous peoples and settler states.