Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Preface -- Translater's Note -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Introduction -- I. The Periodisation of the History of International Law -- II. The Origins of the Law of Nations -- III. International Legal Orders of the Modern State System -- PART ONE. Ius gentium. The Structure of the Law of the Nations during the Middle Ages -- Chapter One. Unity and Subdivision of the Occident under the Dyarchy of Emperor and Pope -- I. The Structure of Political Forces -- II. The »Middle Ages« and the Stages of Their Legal Development -- III. The Unity of Church and Empire and the Two Ministeria -- IV. Political and Territorial Subdivision -- Chapter Two. The Foundation of the International Legal Community: The Occidental Christian Community -- Chapter Three. The Subjects of the International Legal Community: The Polities of the Feudal Age -- I. Feudalism -- II. Personalisation and Territorial Allegiance -- III. »Openness« -- IV. Feuds and the Right of Resistance -- Chapter Four. Admission to the Family of Nations: Approbation and Recognition -- Chapter Five. Law-Making: Natural Law and Treaty Practice -- I. The Law of Nations in the Hierarchy of the Scholastic System of Natural Law -- II. The Practice of Law-Making: Treaty Law and Customary Law -- Chapter Six. The Judiciary: The Development and Structure of Medieval Arbitration -- Chapter Seven. Law Enforcement: The Idea and Reality of the »Just War« -- I. War and Feud -- II. The Teaching of the Church -- III. The Real Face of War -- IV. The »Treuga Dei« -- V. The Roman Tradition -- Chapter Eight. The Legal Forms of Territorial Settlement: Adjudication and Occupation -- Chapter Nine. Law and Dominion of the Sea: Claims by the Coastal States -- PART TWO. Ius inter gentes. The Law of Nations in the Spanish Age 1494-1648.

Humans and the effects of their activities now substantially influence the entire planet, including its oceans, climate, atmosphere, and lands. Human influence has become so large that earth scientists have debated whether to identify a new geologic time period: the Anthropocene. The Anthropocene will surely have substantial effects on society and economies, and law will be no exception. The Anthropocene is the product of the aggregation of billions of individual human actions, the impact of which is exponentially increasing because of growing technological advances and population. Humans will inevitably respond to the Anthropocene, if only to adapt to the significant changes in oceans, climate, biodiversity, and other critical functions upon which society depends. These responses will ineluctably lead to greater government involvement in a wide range of human activities and the constant updating of government laws and regulations to respond to new challenges. The result will put pressure on a wide range of legal doctrines in public and private law, including torts, property, constitutional, administrative, and criminal law. These changes will parallel similar revolutionary legal changes associated with industrialization and the development of a national economy in the United States in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Just as with those legal changes, the legal changes of the Anthropocene will put pressure on normative commitments at the heart of American law, including the classical liberal paradigm that government intrusion into individual action should be the exception, rather than the norm. Managing the impacts of these legal changes will be a key challenge for the legal system in the next century.

Wohl selten hat ein knapper, achtseitiger Text eine profundere Wirkung ausgeübt als Hans Rothfels' Aufsatz über "Zeitgeschichte als Aufgabe". Mit ihm verfolgte der Autor einen doppelten Zweck: Einerseits begründete er den Start einer neuen Zeitschrift; andererseits reflektierte er die möglichen wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen einer zeitgemäßen deutschen "Zeitgeschichte", die es im Schatten des Nationalsozialismus überhaupt erst zu etablieren galt. Beide Ziele sind, vereinfacht gesagt, erreicht worden. Die "Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte" avancierten zur auflagenstärksten geschichtswissenschaftlichen Zeitschrift in Deutschland. Bald schon übten sie beträchtlichen fachlichen Einfluss aus und wurden auch international stark beachtet. Überdies wirkten die Leitmotive, die Rothfels in die wissenschaftliche Diskussion warf, geradezu stilbildend. Über Generationen hinweg prägten sie das Verständnis von Zeitgeschichte, wie sie sich in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland höchst spezifisch herausbildete. Damit erfüllte sich auch der von Rothfels geäußerte Wunsch, die deutsche Forschung in "nachholender" Weise an internationale Standards heranzuführen, die er während seiner Exiljahre in den USA kennengelernt hatte.