Suchergebnisse

Foreword -- Acknowledgement -- Contents -- Editor and Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Entrepreneurial Urbanism in India: A Framework -- Introduction -- The Project of 'Entrepreneurialism Urbanism' -- Anchoring 'Entrepreneurial Urbanism' in India -- Mission of Urban Exclusion -- Discussion: Contextualizing 'Entrepreneurial Urbanism' in India -- Urban Governance and Institutions -- Political Economy of Urbanization -- Urban Inclusion and Exclusion -- Conclusion -- References -- Urban Governance and Institutions

This paper explores the lived space of entrepreneurial urbanism in Ørestad, a 1990s mega-project still under development on the edge of Copenhagen. Drawing upon in-depth interviews, interactive map-making and critical discourse analysis, it shows that imaginaries of urban competition, place branding and cosmopolitanism have only superficially been internalized by residents as part of their lived space in Ørestad, even revealing contradictory everyday practices and experiences. Rather than the cosmopolitan metropole and connected city space it was conceived to become, the district is experienced as a disconnected housing satellite without much street life, as a stepping stone to something better by reducing home to exchange value, and as an area with a community based in opposition. A sense of place identity and place attachment does exist for many Ørestaders but it is born out of 'do-it-yourself mentality' and reaction to a sense of ephemerality. The lived space of entrepreneurial urbanism in Ørestad can only partly be understood by what the district is, but much more by what it is not – i.e. by what it lacks from the perspective of its residents.

AbstractThis study explores the cultural politics of renaming the world's tallest building, the Burj Dubai/Khalifa, as a practice of entrepreneurial urbanism. The Burj offers a unique case study that brings urban scholarship on 'worlding' into conversation with emerging debates over the commodification of naming rights within critical toponymic studies. We draw upon archival materials and semi‐structured interviews to demonstrate in this article how the spatial politics enacted through the construction of the Burj and the tower's subsequent name change have played a significant role in Dubai's efforts to achieve 'global city' status. In doing so, we extend our understanding of the performative power of spatial inscription in reshaping the geographical imaginaries of 'global' urbanity.

International audience ; Studies focusing on street trade in Sub-Saharan Africa place great importance on the continuity with the colonial period and on the neocolonial characteristics of public action. This frame of reference, however pertinent it might be, does not account for all of the dynamics at work. I argue that it can benefit from an additional reading of what I characterize as the neoliberal dynamics also at work in these processes, drawing from governmentality studies and from the theories of " the urbanisation of neoliberalism ". The paper discusses this hypothesis by examining the evolution of spatial politics on the streets of Nairobi's Central Business District in the 2000s, focusing on a specific episode: the displacement of the street traders to an enclosed market located on the outskirts of the CBD. The first section considers the policies of street trade in Nairobi since the colonial period and the changes in their meaning under entrepreneurial rule, questioning the hypothesis of the colonial continuity. I then turn to an analysis of the neoliberal features of current street trade policies. I detail the emergence of the private sector as a major actor in the governance of street trade and its instrumental role in the crafting of a consultative procedure that has helped to reframe the traders' relationship to the state around the ideal of the responsible entrepreneurial citizen and contributed to enrolment as active participants in their own relocation.

International audience ; Studies focusing on street trade in Sub-Saharan Africa place great importance on the continuity with the colonial period and on the neocolonial characteristics of public action. This frame of reference, however pertinent it might be, does not account for all of the dynamics at work. I argue that it can benefit from an additional reading of what I characterize as the neoliberal dynamics also at work in these processes, drawing from governmentality studies and from the theories of " the urbanisation of neoliberalism ". The paper discusses this hypothesis by examining the evolution of spatial politics on the streets of Nairobi's Central Business District in the 2000s, focusing on a specific episode: the displacement of the street traders to an enclosed market located on the outskirts of the CBD. The first section considers the policies of street trade in Nairobi since the colonial period and the changes in their meaning under entrepreneurial rule, questioning the hypothesis of the colonial continuity. I then turn to an analysis of the neoliberal features of current street trade policies. I detail the emergence of the private sector as a major actor in the governance of street trade and its instrumental role in the crafting of a consultative procedure that has helped to reframe the traders' relationship to the state around the ideal of the responsible entrepreneurial citizen and contributed to enrolment as active participants in their own relocation.

International audience ; Studies focusing on street trade in Sub-Saharan Africa place great importance on the continuity with the colonial period and on the neocolonial characteristics of public action. This frame of reference, however pertinent it might be, does not account for all of the dynamics at work. I argue that it can benefit from an additional reading of what I characterize as the neoliberal dynamics also at work in these processes, drawing from governmentality studies and from the theories of " the urbanisation of neoliberalism ". The paper discusses this hypothesis by examining the evolution of spatial politics on the streets of Nairobi's Central Business District in the 2000s, focusing on a specific episode: the displacement of the street traders to an enclosed market located on the outskirts of the CBD. The first section considers the policies of street trade in Nairobi since the colonial period and the changes in their meaning under entrepreneurial rule, questioning the hypothesis of the colonial continuity. I then turn to an analysis of the neoliberal features of current street trade policies. I detail the emergence of the private sector as a major actor in the governance of street trade and its instrumental role in the crafting of a consultative procedure that has helped to reframe the traders' relationship to the state around the ideal of the responsible entrepreneurial citizen and contributed to enrolment as active participants in their own relocation.

I examine the ways in which processes of financialization articulate with regulatory regimes to affect urban governance by taking up the case of Financial Engineering Instruments (FEIs) in the European Union's Cohesion Policy. In the `post-crisis' era of European austerity, FEIs `leverage' EU funds with private capital in order to more efficiently and effectively utilize the funds, amplify their impact, and introduce a "more commercial approach to the regeneration of urban areas". The transformation of these funds from grant assistance to `repayable investments' allows for the financing of public-private `urban regeneration' projects, for which investment decisions are based on standards of economic performance and credit worthiness rather than social necessity. I examine the unfolding discourses and logic driving these regulatory instruments, and argue that as the technology for implementing development policy and shaping socio-spatial relations and subjectivities through particular discourse and practice, these financial instruments are a representation of the growing interdependence between (or co-constitution of) neoliberalism and financialization. The transformation of the EU's development policies is contextualized within its broader geographical political economy, and the European financial and economic crises of 2008.

AbstractThe introduction to this symposium on entrepreneurial religion and neoliberal urbanism discusses leading scholarly approaches to religion and urban theory, arguing that, despite their merits, these approaches are in need of refinement. Theories on religion and urban theory too often describe religion as a reactionary phenomenon. Religious movements and spaces are generally defined as pockets of resistance and shelter against retreating or failing states under neoliberal restructuring programmes in the shadow of consumption dreams. Although religious actors and ideologies unquestionably form part of urban groups that are denied access to public and private means to wealth and security, the contributors to this symposium argue that within a global, comparative perspective, the entwinement of religion, state and market reveal more complicated configurations. Through a comparison of Islamic gated communities in Istanbul, Pentecostal prayer camps in Lagos and Pentecostal grassroots movements in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, this symposium demonstrates that urban religion should also be regarded as a constitutive force of contemporary capitalism and should therefore be placed at the heart of the neoliberal construction of urban space instead of at its margins.

Plastic recycling is a critical informal economy in Dharavi, one of Asia's largest slums in the heart of Mumbai. Waste from dumping grounds is collected, sorted, and prepared by recyclers who transform trash into a commodity to be sold back into the city. As part of top-down efforts to redevelop Dharavi's valuable land, the Mumbai government has tarnished the industry's image, labeling it as "polluting", and has increased the cost of utilities such as electricity in an effort to drive it out of the community. As it becomes more expensive for recyclers to operate, the labor unions that organize the industry have devised a plan to build a recycling industrial park outside of Mumbai on cheaper and more open land. As the community is destabilized by the pressures of development, an important urban and architectural question arises: what happens to Dharavi and its people when one of its most important industries is driven out? This thesis examines the material and human geography of Dharavi's informal recycling economy. Extensive on-site investigations documented the recycling processes in detail. Plastic samples were collected, more than 1,200 individual spaces in the community's fabric were mapped, and aerial surveys were conducted. Dharavi's complex social and economic network was explored through interviews with a cross section of actors who traverse its dense streets: residents, ragpickers, business owners, politicians, police, union leaders, and local academics and researchers. The study revealed their pride in the industries, entrepreneurial spirit and strong community ties that bind Dharavi together, and uncovered the community's fear of misrepresentation through social media, poverty tourism, cinema, and public perception. Two crucial challenges facing architects working in an informal community are how to represent people and how to address their community identity when speculating on new construction in the voids created by inevitable change. This project grapples with the difficulty of documenting and portraying the Dharavi slum and its people through architectural representation. The goal is to propose a flexible design that allows for an array of bottom-up usages that might stabilize and reinforce Dharavi's economy amidst increasing pressure from the government and developers.

In today's world, towns and cities dynamically develop over time and that's why urban regeneration is a widely experienced phenomenon. How can Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) create necessary conditions for the development of these phenomena? What is the role that BIDs have in entrepreneurial urbanism, supporting SMEs, city marketing and city branding? These are questions examined in this volume, in an effort to provide an extensive analysis of business improvement districts. Enriched with an analysis of various case studies, including South Africa, Ontario, Tokyo, Barcelona, Slovenia and with an in-field analysis of a cultural heritage site, Korca, Albania, the book analyses the importance, benefits, and impacts of this kind of organization. It highlights the social, economic and ecologic challenges to the historic city markets today, which led to their rapid stagnancy. This book offers a practical and structured guide of the concept of Business Improvement Districts and highlights the best practices for management, financing and organizing. It sheds light on the impacts and benefits of business improvement districts, offering conclusions about their influence on the future improvement of cultural and urban sites. It will be of value to researchers, academics, professionals, and students in the fields of management, organizational studies, strategy, and sustainable development of tourism districts.

If the governance challenges of climate change have been well researched for medium-sized, affluent and larger entrepreneurial cities, relatively little is known about climate urbanism in small-to-medium-sized cities experiencing long-term industrial decline, social deprivation and austerity. Such structurally disadvantaged cities often struggle to build inclusive new climate alliances, attract green jobs, and forge new images. This intervention argues that research on climate urbanism needs to consider two emerging trends in structurally disadvantaged cities: (1) how austerity is producing uneven geographies of climate urbanism; (2) the local social and economic conditions underpinning the construction of new climate alliances around alternative trajectories of urban development.