Suchergebnisse

Electricity storage systems (ESS) are hailed by many scholars and practitioners as a key element of the future electricity systems and a key step towards the transition to a renewable energy system. However, the global speed of ESS implementation is relatively slow. There are several reasons for the slow rate of ESS deployment, one of them is the lack of viable business models. This dissertation suggests a way to study the design of business models for ESS from different actors' perspectives in the Dutch electricity sector given several complexities and deep uncertainties. We follow a step-by-step design framework, and adopt literature review and data analysis methods in order to set goals, objectives, and constraints; and we develop a design space. Then, we combine agent-based modelling (ABM) and exploratory modelling analysis (EMA) approaches to test ESS business models incorporating several complexities and uncertainties. Our experiments focus mostly on extreme conditions .Our results show that ESS is not profitable in most scenarios. The results also show that generally a "wholesale arbitrage" business model leads to more profit than "reserve capacity". In addition, we found that in the scenarios with extremely high share electricity generation from renewable sources, ESS is not necessarily profitable. Besides, we found that more implementation of ESS does not necessarily reduce the average profit for ESS projects. Finally, we explain that improving technologies is expected to improve the desirability of ESS more than government intervention.

| openaire: EC/H2020/856602/EU//FINEST TWINS ; The Government of Finland is targeting carbon neutrality by 2035. Increasing electrification emphasizes the need for significant emission reductions in power generation. As reduction in power generation emissions is partly realized by increase in intermittent energy sources, electricity storage may become an important part of a carbon neutral power system. This study investigates the behavior of electrical storages as a part of a large-scale national carbon-free power system model. As a case study, a three-year model of a carbon-free Finnish power system set in 2050 with the aim to identify various factors affecting electricity storage, and the results are compared with literature. The proposed case study features various scenarios with a national power system with very high amounts of renewables and a significant hydro capacity, while amount of combustion-based energy production is minimal. In addition, hydrological stress scenarios representing historically severe drought years were introduced. The amount of electricity storage needed was found to be most affected by nuclear and electricity trading capacities, which is consistent with literature findings. The data period used as basis for modeling also affected the need for electricity storage, as interannual variations in renewable production were found to have a large effect on modeled results. The needed electricity storage capacities increased significantly in the stress scenarios. The electricity storage need was found to be seasonal in nature, but this may be partly due to missing demand flexibility within the modeled power system, which caused very large individual storage discharge peaks. The results emphasize the need to take several years of historical data into account to ensure system availability in different conditions. Highlights: Nuclear energy was found to decrease system costs in a 100% carbon-free power system. Multi-year modeling is essential to secure system availability due to the important role of hydropower and seasonal wind variability.Electricity storages were found to be seasonal in nature. The main reason was exceptionally low windiness during individual periods, which resulted in large but temporarily short power deficits due to insufficient flexibility obtained from hydropower and power imports. This was especially evident in stress scenarios and mainly contributed to the higher costs in low-nuclear scenarios. Detailed hydropower modelling of historically exceptional dry seasons in Finland was utilized as one stress scenario. Exceptionally, dry long-term period increased the need for electricity storages significantly due to the lost flexibility offered by hydro and reduced electricity import capacities. ; Peer reviewed

Renewable energies, and among them solar photovoltaics, are becoming more important in the last years due to the lack of fossil fuels and the environmental impact of them. PV installed capacity is increasing over and over in some countries and the prices of the installation are decreasing while the prices of the electricity are predicted to increase. Electricity use in buildings account for an important part of all electricity use in the world. This two facts make the PV installation in the rooftops of buildings a good opportunity to reduce the purchase of electricity from the grid. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the profitability and the environmental impact (when using a hot water accumulator) of a PV system with different storage systems placed in the rooftop of two dwellings located in Gävle (Sweden). The storage systems can be either batteries or hot water accumulators. The purpose of the storage system is to increase the self-consumption rate of the PV system and to save the highest amount of money possible. It is also studied the difference of installing PbA and Li-ion batteries, and the reliability of the data used in the simulation of the alternative systems with the help of the software PVsyst. Results show that the profitability of the proposed three alternative PV systems with storage is not higher than the PV system without storage. The reason for this has been found in the low prices of electricity and DH nowadays. Moreover, the impact of decreasing the heating demand from DH network does not benefit the environment, because the electricity has to be produced in power plants that produce more pollutants. It can be said also that the data obtained in PVsyst has been determined reliable and that the difference between the two types of batteries is not conclusive. It can be concluded that if the cost of the PV systems or the batteries would decrease, the profitability will be higher. Furthermore, the increase in the price of electricity, DH or governmental subsidies would improve the results. ; Máster Universitario en Ingeniería Industrial por la Universidad Pública de Navarra ; Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoko Unibertsitate Masterra Industria Ingeniaritzan

The Government of Finland is targeting carbon neutrality by 2035. Increasing electrification emphasizes the need for significant emission reductions in power generation. As reduction in power generation emissions is partly realized by increase in intermittent energy sources, electricity storage may become an important part of a carbon neutral power system. This study investigates the behavior of electrical storages as a part of a large-scale national carbon-free power system model. As a case study, a three-year model of a carbon-free Finnish power system set in 2050 with the aim to identify various factors affecting electricity storage, and the results are compared with literature. The proposed case study features various scenarios with a national power system with very high amounts of renewables and a significant hydro capacity, while amount of combustion-based energy production is minimal. In addition, hydrological stress scenarios representing historically severe drought years were introduced. The amount of electricity storage needed was found to be most affected by nuclear and electricity trading capacities, which is consistent with literature findings. The data period used as basis for modeling also affected the need for electricity storage, as interannual variations in renewable production were found to have a large effect on modeled results. The needed electricity storage capacities increased significantly in the stress scenarios. The electricity storage need was found to be seasonal in nature, but this may be partly due to missing demand flexibility within the modeled power system, which caused very large individual storage discharge peaks. The results emphasize the need to take several years of historical data into account to ensure system availability in different conditions. Highlights • Nuclear energy was found to decrease system costs in a 100% carbon-free power system. • Multi-year modeling is essential to secure system availability due to the important role of hydropower and seasonal wind ...

The need for daily electricity storage systems increases with the growing share of volatile renewable energy in the generation mix. Since the loca-tion of decentralized electricity generation (based on reneweable energy resource potentials) and electricity demand (depending on industrial facilities and population density) in Germany are geographically apart from each other, at the same time more electricity has to be transported. At certain times, this might challenge the transmis-sion grid. Storage systems can be used for storing the surplus production of renewable energy and also help to prevent congestions in the grid. However, besides the tech-nical feasibility there are economic criteria decisive for the installation of storage systems. These depend firstly on potential alternative technologies as gas turbines or the load shift potential of electric vehicles and secondly on the price development of storage systems. In order to estimate the future demand and the strategic allocation of daily storage systems in this context, expansion options for storage systems are implemented in the optimizing energy system model PERSEUS-NET-TS. This is a myopic material and energy flow model with an integrated nodal pricing approach. A mixed-integer optimization calculates the expansion and use of power plants in Ger-many until 2040 considering the DC restrictions of the transmission grid. Hence, the commissioning and allocation of storage systems in the German transmission grid is determined when the government target of 60 % renewable feed-in by 2040 is met. For this paper about every forth car in Germany is considered to drive electrically by 2040. When they are charged uncontrolled, directly after arrival the results are that by 2040 about 19 GW of storage systems are commissioned. Most are built closely to generation centers, but some are allocated close to bottlenecks in the transmission grid instead. When load shifting of the demand for electric mobility is allowed in terms of a controlled charging the required ...

An important part of the current world's energy transition is the emergence of the electricity storage sector in the energy complex, which rationalizes and optimizes energy production, transportation, distribution and consumption making operation of grids stable, economical and safe. Energy storage is actually an alternative to construction of new power stations. When developed, the energy storage sector will give oriental countries an opportunity to avoid braking the accelerated economic growth of their backward energy sector as compared to leading industries. New productive forces in energy will make it possible to substantially reduce the negative consequences of the shortage of some energy resources as well as put an end to «energy curse».

Recent developments, both in Australia and overseas, provide sharp focus on the decarbonisation of Australia's electricity system. Global supply shocks have led to escalation in coal and gas prices, with sharp increases in retail electricity prices likely in the near future, due to our dependence on fossil fuels. The new Australian Government is committed to a 43% reduction in emissions by 2030, with many members newly elected to the Parliament pursuing bigger reductions, as are the States. Achieving such reductions will require even more rapid change in the electricity sector. As all political parties are opposed to putting a price on carbon, these rapid cuts in electricity emissions must occur through government intervention rather than market transactions. The States are long embarked on this process. Their historic role in the provision of electricity, and their closeness to their own electricity markets provides reason to be hopeful of significant progress. The central proposal of the new Government is the $20 billion Rewiring the Nation (RNC) corporation, to facilitate the transformation of our electricity system to total renewables well before 2050. The central question of this paper is what role RNC might usefully play, given the recent failures of the Commonwealth's direct interventions and the strong private sector interest in the components of a renewable energy system. We make five main points about this role: (i) The central role of RNC should be to support the States who have the key responsibility for this transformation, as well as the most intimate knowledge of local market realities, rather than establish a competing source of expertise. (ii) RNC should not be involved in generation. The private sector has considerable interest in renewable generation, with strong supply chains and intense competition. (iii) It is likely that the required investment in new transmission will be a modest component of new investment out to 2050, as much generation is localised to markets or can be placed near ...

Der Energiesektor steht dieser Tage unter starken Veränderungen und ein Ende dieser Umwälzungen ist noch nicht absehbar. Während der weltweite Energie- und Stromverbrauch steigt, wächst auch der Anteil erneuerbarer Energieträger am globalen Energiemix. Verschiedene politische Regulierungen und definierte Energiestrategien sorgen für einen weiteren Anstieg der Erneuerbaren, was zu einem dezentraleren Energiesystem führt. Um das volatile Verhalten von den Erneuerbaren auszugleichen und für ein sicheres und stabiles Energiesystem zu sorgen, spielen Energiespeicher zunehmend eine wichtigere Rolle. Diese Masterarbeit untersucht das Potential solcher Energiespeicher in einem definierten Mikronetz, wobei Haushalte als sogenannte Prosumenten definiert werden. Das bedeutet, dass Haushalte sowohl Strom produzieren als auch konsumieren und sich so aktiv am Energiemarkt beteiligen. Die gewählte Methode zur Analyse des Potenzials von Energiespeichersystemen ist die Agentenbasierte Modellierung (ABM), eine Methode zur Modellierung des Bottom-Up-Verhaltens verschiedener Akteure. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Speicher im Autarkiemodus nicht sein volles Potenzial abrufen kann, jedoch ist es im Netzmodus möglich. Unter diesem Szenario kann der Speicher verwendet werden, um eine abendliche Nachfragespitze zu überwinden. Da das Modell hinsichtlich der Eingabedaten und der technischen Verfeinerung einige Einschränkungen aufweist, ist eine weitere Entwicklung empfehlenswert. ; The energy sector is under severe changes nowadays and the end of the transition is not yet to be seen. While the worldwide energy and electricity consumption increases, so does the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the global energy mix. Due to political regulations and defined energy strategies, RES keep rising and lead to a more decentralized energy system. To overcome the volatile behaviour of the RES, energy storage is getting more important to guarantee a safe and stable electricity supply. This thesis tries to evaluate the potential of such energy storage units within a defined microgrid, where households are defined as prosumers. That means, households can produce and consume electricity and are able to participate actively. The method chosen to analyse the potential of energy storage systems is Agent-Based-Modelling (ABM), a methodology to model bottom-up behaviour of various actors. The results show that under autarky mode, the storage cannot reveal its full potential, but it does under grid mode. Under this scenario, the storage can be used to overcome an evening demand peak. While the model has some major limitations in terms of input data and technical refinement, a further development is highly recommended ; by Bernhard Schrempf, BSc ; Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2018 ; (VLID)2685106

To face climate changes and energy dependency, governments encourage their industries and communities to increase the share of renewable energy (RE). However, the RE production is mostly inflexible. The risk of unmatching electricity market grows. Tools such as power plant flexibility, import/export, demand management, storage and RE curtailment are developed to handle this problem. This study focuses on the energy storage mix required for the energy transition of the electricity system to high RE shares. An hour based model is developed in order to optimise the renewable energy and storage assets by maximising the energy return on investment (EROI) while respecting power fluxes constraints. The model is used to quantify the storage needs for the energy transition of Belgium. An in-depth analysis is performed for four scenarios. Depending on the RE deployment and nuclear share, EROI between 5 and 10.5 are obtained. Large scale storage is required as soon as the energy mix has more than 30% of RE. With more than 75% of RE, power to gas becomes unavoidable. This study highlights that curtailment can be limited to less than 5% of RE production. These values are the result of the optimum between increasing storage, RE capacity and curtailment.

To face climate changes and energy dependency, governments encourage their industries and communities to increase the share of renewable energy (RE). However, the RE production is mostly inflexible. The risk of unmatching electricity market grows. Tools such as power plant flexibility, import/export, demand management, storage and RE curtailment are developed to handle this problem. This study focuses on the energy storage mix required for the energy transition of the electricity system to high RE shares. An hour based model is developed in order to optimise the renewable energy and storage assets by maximising the energy return on investment (EROI) while respecting power fluxes constraints. The model is used to quantify the storage needs for the energy transition of Belgium. An in-depth analysis is performed for four scenarios. Depending on the RE deployment and nuclear share, EROI between 5 and 10.5 are obtained. Large scale storage is required as soon as the energy mix has more than 30% of RE. With more than 75% of RE, power to gas becomes unavoidable. This study highlights that curtailment can be limited to less than 5% of RE production. These values are the result of the optimum between increasing storage, RE capacity and curtailment.