Suchergebnisse

How have inequality levels across local labor markets in the subnational United States changed over the past eight decades? In this study, I examine inequality divergence, or the inequality of inequalities. While divergence trends of central tendencies such as per capita income have been well documented, less is known about the descriptive trends or contributing mechanisms for inequality. In this study, I construct wage inequality measures in 722 local labor markets covering the entire contiguous United States across 22 waves of Census and American Community Survey data from 1940-2019 to assess the historical trends of inequality divergence. I apply variance decomposition and counterfactual techniques to develop main conclusions. Inequality divergence follows a u-shaped pattern, declining through 1990 but with contemporary divergence at as high a level as any time in the past 80 years. Early era convergence occurred broadly and primarily worked to reduce interregional differences, whereas modern inequality divergence operates through a combination of novel mechanisms, most notably through highly unequal urban areas separating from other labor markets. Overall, results show geographical fragmentation of inequality underneath overall inequality growth in recent years, highlighting the fundamental importance of spatial trends for broader stratification outcomes.

Diverging fiscal policy paths, housing booms and diverging unit labour costs were driving forces of rising intra-European current account imbalances, which were underpinned by low interest rates. Since the outbreak of the crisis, the adjustment of intra-EMU current account imbalances has been postponed by a rising divergence of TARGET2 balances, as the repatriation of private international credit and deposit fl ight from the crisis economies is intermediated by central bank credit. Given that this process has brought the Deutsche Bundesbank into a debtor position to the domestic fi nancial system, the article discusses options for liquidity absorption by the Bundesbank to forestall asset price bubbles in Germany.

Warum haben die slowakische und die litauische Regierung der monetären Integration Priorität eingeräumt, während die tschechische und die polnische Regierung die monetäre Autonomie ihrer Länder unterstützten, als sie ihre Präferenzen für den Beitritt zur Eurozone formulierten? Warum halten die litauische und die polnische Regierung die Wirtschaftssanktionen gegen Russland für ein wirksames Instrument der EU-Außenpolitik, während die tschechische und die slowakische Regierung der Wirksamkeit dieser Sanktionen zurückhaltend gegenüberstehen? Um die obigen empirischen Rätsel zu lösen, wird der Societal Approach von Stefan Schirm verwendet. Somit zeigt dieses Dissertationsprojekt, dass erstens die unterschiedlichen Präferenzen der untersuchten Regierungen auf unterschiedliche gesellschaftliche Ideen und Interessen zurückzuführen sind. Zweitens spezifiziert es die Bedingungen für den individuellen Einfluss wertgestützter Ideen oder materieller Interessen auf die Regierungspräferenz. ; Why did the Slovak and Lithuanian governments prioritize monetary integration while the Czech and Polish governments support their countries' monetary autonomy when formulating their preferences on Eurozone accession? Why do the Lithuanian and Polish governments believe the economic sanctions against Russia to be an effective instrument of EU foreign policy, while the Czech and Slovak governments hold a restrained position towards these sanctions' effectiveness? In order to resolve the above empirical puzzles, the societal approach to governmental preference formation by Stefan Schirm is employed. In applying the societal approach, this dissertation project fulfils two goals. First, it demonstrates that the variation of preferences among the governments under scrutiny stems from divergent societal ideas and interests. Second, it specifies the conditions for either value-based ideas' or material interests' individual bearing on the governmental preference.