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This Article contends that judicial supervision of excessive manipulation of electoral lines for partisan purposes - political gerrymandering - may be justified in a mature democracy. The Article responds to the debate among courts and commentators over whether political gerrymandering presents any constitutionally relevant harms and, further, whether courts may be able to resolve the structural issues presented by political gerrymandering claims. Drawing from political theory and political science, this Article develops a theory of institutional distortion and provides a justification for aggressive judicial review of questions of democratic governance. The Article does not argue that the United States Supreme Court should regulate political gerrymandering; instead, it argues that such regulation can be justified. This Article also develops a framework of election law dualism to resolve the structural challenges that political gerrymandering poses to adjudication.

Our diet of online films, music, books and news has created a new type of consumerism; one where virtuality and disposability are on the rise and have become the norm. At the same time, our personal data are mined to ensure our wants and needs are met quickly and efficiently by online robots. With the rise of commercially affordable virtual reality, a new type of hyper-reality may be upon us. We are unsure what this means for our sense of what is real and what is certain. We are entering a new era of transhumanism with the rise of assistive, implanted, robotic devices and the emergence of nanotechnology. We try to negotiate this changing landscape and understand what this may mean for the next generations of children and young people, and the role of schools in making sense of this all. This book examines the social, technical and educational implications of a society where hyper-reality, artificial intelligence and robotics may be at the centre of the new online spaces that will surely further shape us into an unknown future.

Evolution and evolutionary theories in the social sciences in general, and applied fields in particular, are often grounded in the discredited (in biology) Lamarckian conceptualization. Lamarckian ideas of progress, with their associated teleology and totalizing influences, tend not to be useful for public administration. This article proposes that public administration instead consider an alternative image of evolution that enables the practical use of evolutionary theories, enabling them to better understand the nature of wicked problems in both theory and practice.