Suchergebnisse

El presente artículo examina las uniones de hecho o las convivencias estables y las considera como hechos generadores de obligaciones. Hay que reconocer que las uniones de hecho son suficientes para crear por sí mismas derechos y obligaciones entre los convivientes, sin la necesidad de recurrir a un acuerdo y/o contrato. Esta postura demanda un recorrido histórico crítico que busca soluciones del pasado para enfrentar los actuales inconvenientes que vive Chile en la materia. Justamente son los desamparos de convivientes lo que ha motivado el pronunciamiento del Derecho en todos los tiempos. Las confrontaciones legales entre el matrimonio, el acuerdo de unión civil y las convivencias de hecho continúan en una sociedad que ya no es capaz de distinguir las causas que las originan. Se debe considerar que siendo todas instituciones afines, que presentan características afines, y que, por tanto, debiera corresponderles un tratamiento afín, al parecer, están destinadas a la confrontación.
Es preciso recordar que en Derecho Romano todos aquellos hechos que no podían enmarcarse en las fuentes de las obligaciones tradicionales se denominaban ex variis causarum figuris. Para la dogmática chilena y para la jurisprudencia, los derechos y obligaciones sólo nacen cuando existe un hecho tipificado como generador de obligaciones, y dentro de tal catálogo no hay espacio para la convivencia o uniones de hecho y para la conciencia de quienes en su amor puro y libre se tratan como marido y mujer.Una primera comparación de los institutos radica en que el matrimonio se funda en una voluntad nupcial expresada en el contrato, lo propio sucede con el acuerdo de unión civil, la voluntad se proyecta en un contrato, en cambio, en las uniones de hecho la voluntad se halla en la convivencia. Es este consorcio de vida formado entre quienes cohabitan insuficiente para que los juristas vean en él una causa de obligaciones.

Summary of the new Constitution of the Republic of Cuba, proclaimed on 10 April 2019, as a pathway for a new family law, which is more democratic, inclusive, pluralistic, eudemonist, mentoring the various family models. The challenges for the ordinary legislator are manifold and varied. If it wants to be in line with the principles, values and rules which the Constitution has enshrined in its rules, it will then have to accommodate the various life choices that a pluralist society demands, so as to allow for a harmonious coexistence of these different visions, coexisting in contemporary Cuban society. ; Resumen La nueva Constitución de la República de Cuba, proclamada el 10 de abril de 2019, se erige en el pórtico de un nuevo Derecho de las familias, más democrático, inclusivo, pluralista, eudemonista, tuitivo de los distintos modelos familiares. Los retos para el legislador ordinario son múltiples y variados. Si quiere estar a tono con los principios, valores y reglas que la Constitución ha consagrado en sus normas, tendrá entonces que dar cabida a las distintas opciones de vida que una sociedad pluralista reclama, de manera que permita una convivencia armónica de esas diferentes visiones, coexistentes en la sociedad cubana contemporánea.

As far as cohabitation is concerned, two opposite but simultaneous trends can be detected. In the field of different-sex relationships the trend appears to be that of deregulation, while in the field of same-sex relationships the opposite trend seems to be discernible. Same-sex couples claim for their outside legitimisation of their relationship and demand increasing State intervention on this matter. The purpose of this article is to determine how the Portuguese legislature should deal with these demands. This being so, a brief description of Act 7/2001, as the first piece of Portuguese legislation that offered legal protection to same-sex relationships, is provided. According to this legislation, the legal situation of same-sex relationships is almost identical to the situation of different-sex cohabiting couples. The description will only stress the differences when appropriate. Against this background, it will be possible to reflect on the current legal situation of same-sex relationships in Portugal and determine which further steps the Portuguese legislature should take along the path of according a legal status to same sex relationships. There are two different possibilities, namely opening civil marriage or introducing a form of registered partnership. The advantages and the disadvantages of each one of them will be discussed according to the guiding principles of the Portuguese legal system.

As far as cohabitation is concerned, two opposite but simultaneous trends can be detected. In the field of different-sex relationships the trend appears to be that of deregulation, while in the field of same-sex relationships the opposite trend seems to be discernible. Same-sex couples claim for their outside legitimisation of their relationship and demand increasing State intervention on this matter. The purpose of this article is to determine how the Portuguese legislature should deal with these demands. This being so, a brief description of Act 7/2001, as the first piece of Portuguese legislation that offered legal protection to same-sex relationships, is provided. According to this legislation, the legal situation of same-sex relationships is almost identical to the situation of different-sex cohabiting couples. The description will only stress the differences when appropriate. Against this background, it will be possible to reflect on the current legal situation of same-sex relationships in Portugal and determine which further steps the Portuguese legislature should take along the path of according a legal status to same sex relationships. There are two different possibilities, namely opening civil marriage or introducing a form of registered partnership. The advantages and the disadvantages of each one of them will be discussed according to the guiding principles of the Portuguese legal system.

The lack of equal recognition of concubinage in the legislations of different countries, leads to the fact that at present, and as a result of the constant migration characteristic of globalization, the rights or privileges that their accreditation or international recognition could grant are not guaranteed, both in the economic and health aspects and family in general, situation that is experienced in cases in which members of formal unions or marriages move from one country to another, because their rights are respected anywhere in the world while any Right is denied to those who have de facto marital ties. ; La falta de reconocimiento igualitario de los concubinatos en las legislaciones de diversos países, conduce a que en la actualidad, y como efecto de la migración constante propia de la globalización, no se garanticen los derechos o privilegios que su acreditación o reconocimiento internacional podría conceder, tanto en los aspectos económicos como de salud y familiar en general, situación que se vivencia en los casos en que miembros de las uniones formales o matrimonios se trasladan de un país a otro, pues se respetan sus derechos en cualquier lugar de la orbe mientras cualquier derecho le es negado a quienes tienen lazos maritales de facto.

Las uniones de hecho se han incrementado en el Perú y gozan actualmente de impulso legislativo. Esta situación se registra a pesar del apoyo jurídico que otorga el estado peruano al matrimonio. El propósito del artículo es explorar las percepciones sobre las regulaciones jurídicas de las uniones de hecho y la contravención al deber constitucional del estado de promover el matrimonio. Se consultaron a 100 abogados en libre ejercicio adscritos a la Corte Superior de Justicia del Departamento de La Libertad. Se usó la encuesta y un cuestionario (α: 0,825). Se obtuvieron el promedio y la desviación estándar por indicador y dimensión. Para conocer la relación entre las dimensiones se utilizó la prueba de correlación de Pearson (α: 0,05). La dimensión factores que limitan el deber constitucional de promover el matrimonio registra relaciones significativas con respecto a: la Naturaleza Jurídica de las uniones de hecho (r: 0,571; p-valor: 0,00); Principios del derecho que sustentan la unión de hecho (r: 0,805; p-valor: 0,00); Mecanismos de reconocimiento de las uniones de hecho (r: 0,729; p-valor: 0,00) y Derechos reconocidos a las uniones de hecho (r: 0,642; p-valor: 0,00). La percepción sobre la regulación de las uniones de hecho es positiva, aunque se considera que existe una contravención al deber constitucional de promover el matrimonio. Se recomienda promover una modificación constitucional que reconozca las uniones de hecho como una figura que facilita el fortalecimiento, el amparo y la estabilidad familiar. ; De facto unions have increased in Peru and currently enjoy legislative momentum. This situation is registered despite the legal support that the Peruvian state grants to marriage. The purpose of the article is to explore perceptions on the legal regulations of de facto unions and the violation of the constitutional duty of the state to promote marriage. 100 lawyers in free practice assigned to the Superior Court of Justice of the Department of La Libertad were consulted. The survey and a questionnaire (α: 0.825) were used. The average and standard deviation by indicator and dimension were obtained. To know the relationship between the dimensions, the Pearson correlation test (α: 0.05) was used. The dimension factors that limit the constitutional duty to promote marriage registers significant relationships with respect to: the Legal Nature of de facto unions (r: 0.571; p-value: 0.00); Principles of law that support the de facto union (r: 0.805; p-value: 0.00); Mechanisms of recognition of de facto unions (r: 0.729; p-value: 0.00) and Rights recognized to de facto unions (r: 0.642; p-value: 0.00). The perception of the regulation of de facto unions is positive, although it is considered that there is a violation of the constitutional duty to promote marriage. It is recommended to promote a constitutional modification that recognizes de facto unions as a figure that facilitates the strengthening, protection and family stability. ; Os sindicatos de fato aumentaram no Peru e atualmente desfrutam de ímpeto legislativo. Esta situação é registrada apesar do amparo jurídico que o Estado peruano concede ao casamento. O objetivo do artigo é explorar as percepções sobre os regulamentos legais das uniões de fato e a violação do dever constitucional do Estado de promover o casamento. Foram consultados 100 advogados de exercício livre vinculados ao Superior Tribunal de Justiça do Departamento de La Libertad. A pesquisa e um questionário (α: 0,825) foram utilizados. Obteve-se a média e o desvio padrão por indicador e dimensão. Para conhecer a relação entre as dimensões, foi utilizado o teste de correlação de Pearson (α: 0,05). A dimensão fatores que limitam o dever constitucional de promover o casamento registra relações significativas quanto a: Natureza Jurídica das uniões de fato (r: 0,571; p-valor: 0,00); Princípios de direito que apoiam a união de fato (r: 0,805; valor de p: 0,00); Mecanismos de reconhecimento das uniões de fato (r: 0,729; p-valor: 0,00) e Direitos reconhecidos às uniões de fato (r: 0,642; p-valor: 0,00). A percepção da regulamentação das uniões de fato é positiva, embora se considere que haja uma violação do dever constitucional de promover o casamento. Recomenda-se promover uma modificação constitucional que reconheça as uniões de fato como uma figura que facilita o fortalecimento, a proteção e a estabilidade familiar.

International law, perhaps more than any other branch of the science, is progressive. In its study, the elements of this progress should be traced to their origin. International law has been a growth of mutual understanding between nations, developed out of necessities of particular situations, ripening gradually from precedent to precedent and finally formulated and codified in international conventions and treaties. Of these the most notable are the conventions adopted at the two conferences held at The Hague in 1899 and 1907.It is not surprising to find that times of war have given rise to many of the rules which nations have gradually come to recognize and embodied in the system which has become common to them all. In times of peace the situation adapts itself more readily to the requirements of each nation. War necessarily displaces the ordinary course of business and human conduct.