Suchergebnisse

Advancement of science-industry cooperation is a popular trend in modern world. Developed and developing countries try to boost their economy's growth by the transferring of knowledge between scientists and businesses. Intellectual property transfer is the central area of cooperation between scientific organizations and businesses. It takes place mainly by patent licenses as it allows dissemination of technology to the private sector at market price. Governments may incent researchers to license their inventions by economic stimulus as well as determine conditions – patent regime – on which new technologies are transferred. Undoubtedly, success of science-industry cooperation also depends on research institutions' innovative policies – their practical approaches towards licensing. Nowadays we could distinguish two commercialization models - supply-push and demandpush models. The second model should be considered as a more effective one as it is based on collaboration between scientific institutions and businesses. Innovative policies of many countries let us conclude that a demand-push model has a greater potential to boost economic development based on innovative ideas.

Shipbuilding has changed from a heavy industry to become a capital- and technologyintensive activity over the last decades. While Japanese, South Korean and Western European yards dominate the merchant shipbuilding market so far, Eastern European yards are increasingly active, in particular in low and medium complex ships. We develop a market analysis and identify the axes of competition in international civil shipbuilding. From there, we analyze the restructuring process of Eastern European yards. Polish yards have proceeded with relatively quick enterprisation, establishing strong links to domestic and international suppliers. Restructuring in Russian and Ukrainian yards is blocked by local obstacles to enterprization, leading to increasing competitiveness gaps with CEE-yards. We conclude that a science&technology policy should be demand-oriented and target only the clearly identified obstacles to enterprization. ; Die Schiffbauindustrie hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten von einer Schwerindustrie zu einer kapital- und hochtechnologieintensiven Branche entwickelt. Neben den marktführenden Werften Japans, Südkoreas und Westeuropas drängen nun auch verstärkt mittel- und osteuropäische Werften auf die internationalen Schiffbaumärkte. Wir identifizieren Marktsegmente und Wettbewerbsachsen und leiten hieraus die aktuelle Situation der osteuropäischen Werften ab, die recht unterschiedlich sind. Polen schaffte es durch eine rasche Unternehmisierung seiner Werften und die Umstrukturierung der Produktionsprozesse, der mit dem Aufbau eines internationalen leistungsstarken Zuliefernetzwerkes einher ging, wettbewerbsfähige Schiffe internationale anbieten zu können. Der Umstrukturierungsprozeß der Werften in Rußland und der Ukraine ist dagegen wegen verzögerter Unternehmisierung und Privatisierung blockiert und führt zu einem zunehmenden Rückstand gegenüber ihren Konkurrenten. Eine Wissenschafts- und Technologiepolitik sollte nachfrageorientiert sein und sich auf die Beseitigung eindeutig identifizierter Hindernisse der Umstrukturierung beschränken.

Pt. 1, The partnership of science and industry; pt. 2, Scientific methods in purchasing, costs and budgeting; pt. 3, Production management and plant engineering; pt. 4, Personal research; pt. 5, The educational work of management organizations; pt. 6, Is management becoming a profession?

AbstractThe effects that cooperation with industry generates in public research depend on the specific collaboration scheme. Joint research and research service share some features, such as the frequency and intensity of interactions and knowledge based exchanges, which allow them to be considered as relational schemes. This work investigates the effects that such schemes generate in public research, based on the contributions that industry makes and the way in which they are linked to public learning and the direction of research agenda. A case study is carried out in three sectors, agrobiotechnology, biopharmaceutical and nanotechnology, from a developing country like Argentina, which covers R&D projects included in both schemes. Among the main findings, it is highlighted that, regardless of the intensity of knowledge of the industrial contribution, it can induce in public researchers both learning dynamics and feedback on more basic aspects of their activity. Likewise, industrial contributions in the conception stage of the project make the public applied research agenda expand toward more relevant topics from the economic and social point of view. Finally, industry's knowledge contributions in the laboratory phase, scale change and regulatory aspects, allow public researchers to absorb new for them capacities.