Suchergebnisse

[EN] Double digest restriction-site associated sequencing (ddRAD-seq) is a flexible and cost-effective strategy for providing in-depth insights into the genetic architecture of germplasm collections. Using this methodology, we investigated the genomic diversity of a panel of 288 diverse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) accessions enriched in 'da serbo' (called 'de penjar' in Spain) long shelf life (LSL) materials (152 accessions) mostly originating from Italy and Spain. The rest of the materials originate from different countries and include landraces for fresh consumption, elite cultivars, heirlooms, and breeding lines. Apart from their LSL trait, 'da serbo' landraces are of remarkable interest for their resilience. We identified 32,799 high-quality SNPs, which were used for model ancestry population structure and non-parametric hierarchical clustering. Six genetic subgroups were revealed, clearly separating most 'da serbo' landraces, but also the Spanish germplasm, suggesting a subdivision of the population based on type and geographical provenance. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the collection decayed very rapidly within 5kb. We then investigated SNPs showing contrasted minor frequency allele (MAF) in 'da serbo' materials, resulting in the identification of high frequencies in this germplasm of several mutations in genes related to stress tolerance and fruit maturation such as CTR1 and JAR1. Finally, a mini-core collection of 58 accessions encompassing most of the diversity was selected for further exploitation of key traits. Our findings suggest the presence of a genetic footprint of the 'da serbo' germplasm selected in the Mediterranean basin. Moreover, we provide novel insights on LSL 'da serbo' germplasm as a promising source of alleles for tolerance to stresses. ; The authors thank the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program for funding this research under grant agreement No 774244 (Breeding for Resilient, Efficient and Sustainable Organic Vegetable Production; BRESOV). ; Esposito, ...

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, cofunded with FEDER funds (project nos. AGL2017-85563-C2-1-R and RTA2017-00061-0O3-03 [INIA]) and the programa para grupos de investigacion de excelencia from the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esport, (Generalitat Valenciana) (Prometeo Program 2017/078). A. Kheireddine thanks the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union for her mobility project (KA107 2018-20). C. Saez is a recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from Generalitat Valenciana, cofunded by the Operational Program of the European Social Fund (FSECV 2014-2020) (grant no. ACIF/2016/188). Plant Dis. 104: 1264, 2020; published online as https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2091PDN.Accepted for publication 19 December 2019. ; Kheireddine, A.; Sáez-Sánchez, C.; Sifres Cuerda, AG.; Picó Sirvent, MB.; López Del Rincón, C. (2020). First Report of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus Infecting Cucumber and Zucchini in Algeria. Plant Disease. 104(4):1264-1264. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2091-PDN ; S ; 1264 ; 1264 ; 104 ; 4

[EN] The rural development policy of the EU includes among its measures the promotion of quality regimes for agri-food productions, financing at EU and State level aids that facilitate their implementation and consolidation in agricultural holdings. The success of such quality schemes can contribute to the achievement of rural development goals. To this end, a more competitive, profitable and innovative agricultural sector should be promoted, as well as a sustainable and balanced development of rural areas, from an economic, social and environmental perspective. ; [ES] La política de desarrollo rural comunitaria incluye entre sus medidas el impulso a los regímenes de calidad de las producciones agroalimentarias, financiando a nivel de la UE y de los Estados ayudas que faciliten su implantación y consolidación en las explotaciones agrarias. El éxito de tales regímenes de calidad puede coadyuvar a la consecución de los objetivos del desarrollo rural. A tal fin, se debe fomentar un sector agrario más competitivo, rentable e innovador, así como un desarrollo de los territorios rurales sostenible y equilibrado, desde la perspectiva económica, social y medioambiental. ; Amat Llombart, P. (2020). Regulación y fomento de los regímenes de calidad de productos agrarios y alimenticios: su impacto en el desarrollo rural de la Unión Europea y España. Revista Internacional de Doctrina y Jurisprudencia. 22:69-94. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/176184 ; S ; 69 ; 94 ; 22

[EN] The development of double haploids (DHs) is a straightforward path for obtaining pure lines but has multiple bottlenecks. Among them is the determination of the optimal stage of pollen induction for androgenesis. In this work, we developed Microscan, a deep learning-based system for the detection and recognition of the stages of pollen development. In a first experiment, the algorithm was developed adapting the RetinaNet predictive model using microspores of different eggplant accessions as samples. A mean average precision of 86.30% was obtained. In a second experiment, the anther range to be cultivated in vitro was determined in three eggplant genotypes by applying the Microscan system. Subsequently, they were cultivated following two different androgenesis protocols (Cb and E6). The response was only observed in the anther size range predicted by Microscan, obtaining the best results with the E6 protocol. The plants obtained were characterized by flow cytometry and with the Single Primer Enrichment Technology high-throughput genotyping platform, obtaining a high rate of confirmed haploid and double haploid plants. Microscan has been revealed as a tool for the high-throughput efficient analysis of microspore samples, as it has been exemplified in eggplant by providing an increase in the yield of DHs production. ; This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigacion and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (grant RTI-2018-094592-B-I00 from MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). This work was also undertaken as part of the initiative "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives", which is supported by the Government of Norway. The project is managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and implemented in partnership with national and international gene banks and plant breeding institutes around the world. For further information, see the ...

Protegiendo la agrobiodiversidad como forma de promover la seguridad alimentaria y el desarrollo local / Manuel Ruiz -- Agrobiodiversidad y seguridad alimentaria / Juan Torres G., Inés Torres A. -- Más allá de la cosmovisión y otras clausuras / Javier Monroe -- Aportes desde la agrobiodiversidad a la dieta andina : una breve mirada a la historia y el presente / César Gutiérrez Oré -- Agrobiodiversidad y nutrición : ¿por qué las comunidades alto andinas reconocidas por su agrobiodiversidad son localidades con altas tasas de desnutrición crónica? / María Scurrah -- Una breve mirada a los avances y retos en la implementación del derecho humano a la alimentación en el Perú / Natalia Landívar -- La experiencia del Programa Khaly Wawa, Distrito de Lamay, Calca, Región Cusco / Ana Cecilia Quiñonez

[EN] A field survey conducted on asymptomatic grapevine propagation material from nurseries and symptomatic young grapevines throughout different regions of Algeria yielded a collection of 70 Phaeoacremonium-like isolates and three Cadophora-like isolates. Based on morphology and DNA sequence data of I3-tubulin (tub2) and actin, five Phaeoacremonium species were identified including Phaeoacremonium minimum (22 isolates), Phaeoacremonium venezuelense (19 isolates), Phaeoacremonium parasiticum (17 isolates), Phaeoacremonium australiense (8 isolates), and Phaeoacremon bun ira nianu m (4 isolates). The latter two species (P. australiense and P. iranianum) were reported for the first time in Algeria. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses (internal transcribed spacer, tub2, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha) and morphological features, allowed the description of the three isolates belonging to the genus Cadophora (WAMC34, WAMC117, and WAMC118) as a novel species, named Cadophora sabaouae sp. nov. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on grapevine cuttings cultivar Cardinal. All the identified species were pathogenic on grapevine cuttings. ; This work was supported by the Ministerstvo Skolstvi, Mladeze a Telovychovy, Czech Republic under grant no. CZ-02-1-01/0-0/0-0/16-025/0007314, the Technologicka Agentura Ceske Republiky under grant no. TJ02000096, and the Spanish Government, Ramon y Cajal program under grant no. RYC-2017-23098 (to D. Gramaje). ; Aigoun-Mouhous, W.; Mahamedi, AE.; León Santana, M.; Chaouia, C.; Zitouni, A.; Barankova, K.; Eichmeier, A. (2021). Cadophora sabaouae sp. nov. and Phaeoacremonium Species Associated with Petri Disease on Grapevine Propagation Material and Young Grapevines in Algeria. Plant Disease. 105(11):3657-3668. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-20-2380-RE ; S ; 3657 ; 3668 ; 105 ; 11

[EN] Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are one of the main biotic stress factors affecting this crop. The use of tolerant grapevine cultivars would be an interesting and sustainable alternative strategy to control GTDs. To date, most studies about cultivar susceptibility have been conducted under controlled conditions, and little information is available about tolerance to natural infections caused by GTD fungi. The objectives of this study were: (i) to identify tolerant cultivars to GTD fungi within a Spanish germplasm collection, based on external symptoms observed in the vineyard; and (ii) to characterize the pathogenic mycoflora associated with symptomatic vines. For this purpose, a grapevine germplasm collection including 22 white and 25 red cultivars was monitored along three growing seasons, and their susceptibility for esca foliar symptoms was assessed. Fungi were identified by using morphological and molecular methods. Cultivars such as, 'Monastrell', 'Graciano', 'Cabernet Franc', 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Syrah', 'Moscatel de Alejandria', 'Sauvignon Blanc', and 'Airen' displayed high susceptibility to GTDs, whereas others such as 'Petit Verdot', 'Pinot Noir', 'Chardonnay', and 'Riesling' were considered as tolerant. The prevalent fungal species isolated from symptomatic vines were Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (27.9% of the fungal isolates), Cryptovalsa ampelina (24.6%), and Dothiorella sarmentorum (21.3%). ; This research was founded by FEDER funding through a State Program of I+D+i oriented to the Challenges of Society (RTA2015-00015-C02-00), supported by The National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA). D.G. and J.M. were supported by the Ramon y Cajal program, Spanish Government (RyC-2017-23098 and RyC-028404). ; Chacón-Vozmediano, JL.; Gramaje, D.; León Santana, M.; Armengol Fortí, J.; Moral, J.; Izquierdo-Cañas, PM.; Martínez-Gascueña, J. (2021). Cultivar Susceptibility to Natural Infections Caused by Fungal Grapevine Trunk Pathogens in La Mancha Designation of Origin ...

[ES] Objetivo del estudio: Analizar la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial a la agricultura, los distintos usos y legislación aplicable. Metodología/enfoque: Se utiliza una metodología basada en el estudio de la legislación aplicable, así como el análisis de la doctrina sobre la materia. Sobre ello se formula una hipótesis que se basa en la deducción doctrinal para la aplicación a las cuestiones planteadas. Originalidad/Relevancia: El presente estudio muestra la relación entre agricultura e inteligencia artificial con aplicación de la legislación más reciente, y con la aportación de soluciones a los distintos problemas planteados en relación al sector agrario que tiene como reto una informatización en su actividad. Resultados principales: Se evidencian diversas aplicaciones de la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito de la agricultura, como es el caso de máquinas y sensores para diversas actividades agrarias. Distinta legislación aplicable a la misma. Diversas cuestiones en relación con los datos utilizados en las aplicaciones y su régimen de protección. Contribuciones teóricas/metodológicas: Aplicación de la inteligencia artificial a la agricultura y necesidad de elaboración de legislación propia en la materia. Contribuciones sociales/de gestión: Necesidad de establecer buenas prácticas en la gestión de la informática aplicada a la agricultura en relación con la inteligencia artificial. ; [EN] Objetive of the study: Analyze the application of artificial intelligence to agriculture, the different uses and applicable legislation. Methodology/approach: Methodology based on the study of the applicable legislation is used, as well as the analysis of the doctrine on the matter. On this a hypothesis is formulated that is based on the doctrinal deduction for the application to the questions raised. Originality/Relevance: This study shows the relationship between agriculture and artificial intelligence with the application of the most recent legislation, and with the contribution of solutions to the different ...

[EN] Objetive of the study: Analyze the application of artificial intelligence to agriculture, the different uses and applicable legislation. Methodology/approach: Methodology based on the study of the applicable legislation is used, as well as the analysis of the doctrine on the matter. On this a hypothesis is formulated that is based on the doctrinal deduction for the application to the questions raised. Originality/Relevance: This study shows the relationship between agriculture and artificial intelligence with the application of the most recent legislation, and with the contribution of solutions to the different problems posed in relation to the agricultural sector that has as a challenge computerization in its activity. Main results: Various applications of artificial intelligence are evidenced in the field of agriculture, such as machines and sensors for various agricultural activities. Different legislation applicable to it. Various issues in relation to the data used in the applications and its protection regime. Theoretical/methodological contributions: Application of artificial intelligence to agriculture and the need to draft own legislation on the matter. Social/management contributions: Need to establish good practices in the management of informatics applied to agriculture in relation to artificial intelligence. ; [ES] Objetivo del estudio: Analizar la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial a la agricultura, los distintos usos y legislación aplicable. Metodología/enfoque: Se utiliza una metodología basada en el estudio de la legislación aplicable, así como el análisis de la doctrina sobre la materia. Sobre ello se formula una hipótesis que se basa en la deducción doctrinal para la aplicación a las cuestiones planteadas. Originalidad/Relevancia: El presente estudio muestra la relación entre agricultura e inteligencia artificial con aplicación de la legislación más reciente, y con la aportación de soluciones a los distintos problemas planteados en relación al sector agrario que tiene como reto una ...

[EN] Decision making for farms is a complex task. Farmers have to fix the price of their production but several parameters have to be taken into account: harvesting, seeds, ground, season etc. This task is even more difficult when a group of farmers must make the decision. Generally, optimization models support the farmers to find no dominated solutions, but the problem remains difficult if they have to agree on one solution. In order to support the farmers for this complex decision we combine two approaches. We firstly generate a set of no dominated solutions thanks to a centralized optimization model. Based on this set of solution we then used a Group Decision Support System called GRUS for choosing the best solution for the group of farmers. The combined approach allows us to determine the best solution for the group in a consensual way. This combination of approaches is very innovative for the Agriculture domain. ; The authors acknowledge the Project 691249, RUC-APS: Enhancing and implementing Knowledge based ICT solutions within high Risk and Uncertain Conditions for Agriculture Production Systems, funded by the EU under its funding scheme H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015. One of the authors acknowledges the partial support of the Programme of Formation of University Professors of the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport (FPU15/03595). ; Zaraté, P.; Alemany Díaz, MDM.; Del Pino, M.; Esteso, A.; Camilleri, G. (2019). How to Support Group Decision Making in Horticulture: An Approach Based on the Combination of a Centralized Mathematical Model and a Group Decision Support System. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. 348:83-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18819-1_7 ; S ; 83 ; 94 ; 348 ; Tweeten, L., Thompson, S.: Long-term global agricultural output supply-demand balance. Farm Policy J. 6(1), 1–16 (2009) ; Weintraub, A., Romero, C.: Operations research models and the management of agricultural and forestry resources: a review and comparison. Interfaces (Provid.) 36, 446–457 (2006). ...

[EN] Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacerum is one of the most economically and destructive eggplant diseases in many tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The objectives of this study were to develop interspecific hybrids, as potential rootstocks, between the eggplant (Solanum melongena) bacterial wilt resistant line EG203 and four wild accessions (S. incanum UPV1, S. insanum UPV2, S. anguivi UPV3, and S. sisymbriifolium UPV4), and to evaluate interspecific hybrids along with parents for resistance to bacterial wilt strains Pss97 and Pss2016. EG203 was crossed successfully with wild accessions UPV2 and UPV3 and produced viable seeds that germinated when wild accessions were used as a maternal parent in the crosses. In addition, viable interspecific hybrids between EG203 and UPV1 were obtained in both directions of the hybridization, although embryo rescue had to be used. Hybridity was confirmed in the four developed interspecific hybrid combinations with three SSR markers. EG203 was resistant to both strains Pss97 and Pss2016, while UPV1 and UPV3 were, respectively, resistant and moderately resistant to Pss2016. The four interspecific hybrids with UPV2, UPV3, and UPV1 were susceptible to both bacterial wilt strains, indicating that the resistance of EG203, UPV1, and UPV3 behaves as recessive in interspecific crosses. However, given the vigor of interspecific hybrids between eggplant and the three cultivated wild species, these hybrids may be of interest as rootstocks. However, the development of interspecific hybrid rootstocks resistant to bacterial wilt will probably require the identification of new sources of dominant resistance to this pathogen in the eggplant wild relatives. ; This research and the APC were funded by Global Crop Diversity Trust [GS20001]. This work was undertaken as part of the initiative "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing CropWild Relatives" which is supported by the Government of Norway. The project is managed by the Global Crop ...

[EN] Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) and its derivatives are appreciated for their aroma, color, and healthy properties, and are commodities of high economic value worldwide. Wide ranges of conventional methods have been used for years to guarantee cocoa quality. Recently, however, demand for global cocoa and the requirements of sensory, functional, and safety cocoa attributes have changed. On the one hand, society and health authorities are increasingly demanding new more accurate quality control tests, including not only the analysis of physicochemical and sensory parameters, but also determinations of functional compounds and contaminants (some of which come in trace quantities). On the other hand, increased production forces industries to seek quality control techniques based on fast, nondestructive online methods. Finally, an increase in global cocoa demand and a consequent rise in prices can lead to future cases of fraud. For this reason, new analytes, technologies, and ways to analyze data are being researched, developed, and implemented into research or quality laboratories to control cocoa quality and authenticity. The main advances made in destructive techniques focus on developing new and more sensitive methods such as chromatographic analysis to detect metabolites and contaminants in trace quantities. These methods are used to assess cocoa quality; study new functional properties; control cocoa authenticity; or detect frequent emerging frauds. Regarding nondestructive methods, spectroscopy is the most explored technique, which is conducted within the near infrared range, and also within the medium infrared range to a lesser extent. It is applied mainly in the postharvest stage of cocoa beans to analyze different biochemical parameters or to assess the authenticity of cocoa and its derivatives. ; The authors wish to acknowledge the financial assistance provided by the Spanish Government and European Regional Development Fund (Project RTC-2016-5241-2). Maribel Quelal Vásconez thanks the Ministry Higher ...

[EN] Two hundred and twenty-fiveDiaportheisolates were collected from 2005 to 2019 in almond orchards showing twig cankers and shoot blight symptoms in five different regions across Spain. Multilocus DNA sequence analysis with five loci (ITS,tub,tef-1 alpha,calandhis), allowed the identification of four knownDiaporthespecies, namely:D. amygdali,D. eres,D. foeniculinaandD. phaseolorum. Moreover, a novel phylogenetic species,D. mediterranea, was described.Diaportheamygdaliwas the most prevalent species, due to the largest number of isolates (85.3%) obtained from all sampled regions. The second most frequent species wasD. foeniculina(10.2%), followed byD. mediterranea(3.6%),D.eresandD. phaseolorum, each with only one isolate. Pathogenicity tests were performed using one-year-old almond twigs cv. Vayro and representative isolates of the different species. Except forD. foeniculinaandD. phaseolorum, allDiaporthespecies were able to cause lesions significantly different from those developed on the uninoculated controls.Diaporthe mediterraneacaused the most severe symptoms. These results confirmD. amygdalias a key pathogen of almonds in Spain. Moreover, the new species,D. mediterranea, should also be considered as a potential important causal agent of twig cankers and shoot blight on this crop. ; Research funded by the Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), grants RTA2017-00009-C04-01, -02, -03 and -04 and with matching funds from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). G. Elena and C. Agusti-Brisach were supported by the Spanish post-doctoral grants "Juan de la Cierva-Formacion" and "Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion", respectively. J. Luque and X. Miarnau were partially supported by the CERCA program, Generalitat de Catalunya. D. Gramaje was supported by the Ramon y Cajal program, Spanish Government (RYC-2017-23098). ; León Santana, M.; Berbegal Martinez, M.; Rodríguez-Reina, JM.; Elena, G.; Abad Campos, P.; Ramón-Albalat, A.; Olmo, D. (2020). Identification and ...