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I'm probably not alone in observing that there seems to be an increasing number of data articles being published in the field of conflict studies and IR. Together with some colleagues, I'm even preparing one myself at the moment! Is that perceived increase in data publication actually measurable? And does it indeed amount to "drowning"?

International audience ; The ICCAS 2020 conference aims to promote the dissemination and exchange of scientific information on the next generation of civil and military aircraft. It provides an excellent forum for combining academic research and industrial works to examine how we can develop intelligent aeronautical systems owning more freedom of choice, sensitivity to the context, learning capabilities, and able to interact naturally with the crew while saving its mental and physical resources. Recent trends in this field address several major aspects such as the online monitoring of the flight performances based on behavioral, physiological, and neurological measurements, the design of more ecological man-machine interfaces providing intuitive information about the flight to support decision process, and architecture rules that guarantee a high level of flight safety. The conference addresses a wide spectrum of theoretical and practical topics related to neuroergonomics and human factors, artificial intelligence or systems engineering. It is mainly focused on aeronautics but contributions from a wide range of domains such as automotive, robots, drones, or artificial agents are welcome.

International audience ; The ICCAS 2020 conference aims to promote the dissemination and exchange of scientific information on the next generation of civil and military aircraft. It provides an excellent forum for combining academic research and industrial works to examine how we can develop intelligent aeronautical systems owning more freedom of choice, sensitivity to the context, learning capabilities, and able to interact naturally with the crew while saving its mental and physical resources. Recent trends in this field address several major aspects such as the online monitoring of the flight performances based on behavioral, physiological, and neurological measurements, the design of more ecological man-machine interfaces providing intuitive information about the flight to support decision process, and architecture rules that guarantee a high level of flight safety. The conference addresses a wide spectrum of theoretical and practical topics related to neuroergonomics and human factors, artificial intelligence or systems engineering. It is mainly focused on aeronautics but contributions from a wide range of domains such as automotive, robots, drones, or artificial agents are welcome.

International audience ; The ICCAS 2020 conference aims to promote the dissemination and exchange of scientific information on the next generation of civil and military aircraft. It provides an excellent forum for combining academic research and industrial works to examine how we can develop intelligent aeronautical systems owning more freedom of choice, sensitivity to the context, learning capabilities, and able to interact naturally with the crew while saving its mental and physical resources. Recent trends in this field address several major aspects such as the online monitoring of the flight performances based on behavioral, physiological, and neurological measurements, the design of more ecological man-machine interfaces providing intuitive information about the flight to support decision process, and architecture rules that guarantee a high level of flight safety. The conference addresses a wide spectrum of theoretical and practical topics related to neuroergonomics and human factors, artificial intelligence or systems engineering. It is mainly focused on aeronautics but contributions from a wide range of domains such as automotive, robots, drones, or artificial agents are welcome.

International audience ; The ICCAS 2020 conference aims to promote the dissemination and exchange of scientific information on the next generation of civil and military aircraft. It provides an excellent forum for combining academic research and industrial works to examine how we can develop intelligent aeronautical systems owning more freedom of choice, sensitivity to the context, learning capabilities, and able to interact naturally with the crew while saving its mental and physical resources. Recent trends in this field address several major aspects such as the online monitoring of the flight performances based on behavioral, physiological, and neurological measurements, the design of more ecological man-machine interfaces providing intuitive information about the flight to support decision process, and architecture rules that guarantee a high level of flight safety. The conference addresses a wide spectrum of theoretical and practical topics related to neuroergonomics and human factors, artificial intelligence or systems engineering. It is mainly focused on aeronautics but contributions from a wide range of domains such as automotive, robots, drones, or artificial agents are welcome.

International audience ; The ICCAS 2020 conference aims to promote the dissemination and exchange of scientific information on the next generation of civil and military aircraft. It provides an excellent forum for combining academic research and industrial works to examine how we can develop intelligent aeronautical systems owning more freedom of choice, sensitivity to the context, learning capabilities, and able to interact naturally with the crew while saving its mental and physical resources. Recent trends in this field address several major aspects such as the online monitoring of the flight performances based on behavioral, physiological, and neurological measurements, the design of more ecological man-machine interfaces providing intuitive information about the flight to support decision process, and architecture rules that guarantee a high level of flight safety. The conference addresses a wide spectrum of theoretical and practical topics related to neuroergonomics and human factors, artificial intelligence or systems engineering. It is mainly focused on aeronautics but contributions from a wide range of domains such as automotive, robots, drones, or artificial agents are welcome.

Quality data is at the heart of all empirical research. Data collection on contentious politics, including civil war, terrorism, and protest has proceeded at a rapid pace over the last several years. This special section develops a set of best practices and offers advice to those involved in collecting conflict data as well as those who are regular users of such data. In this introduction, the process of data collection is considered, including source selection, information extraction or 'coding', and data sharing. A set of six rules is offered, which will hopefully guide others as they compile quantitative data on conflict processes.

When collecting data, some observations will always be hard to confidently classify in accordance with stated definitions of war, civil conflict, or political violence. This research note draws on the experiences of the Uppsala Conflict Data Program in the last decade in managing such unclear cases. After explaining the difference between unclear and non-cases, I describe the data generating process and how this uncertainty is distributed over time in the data. This exercise reveals that the 1980s may have been more conflict-filled than the 1990s, challenging arguments about the stability of the bipolar global order as well as the sudden 'rise' of warfare in the immediate post-Cold War era. The final section suggests different ways that researchers may use existing information regarding unclear cases as a way to conceptualize the nature of civil strife without having to engage in additional data collection. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Ltd., copyright holder.]

When collecting data, some observations will always be hard to confidently classify in accordance with stated definitions of war, civil conflict, or political violence. This research note draws on the experiences of the Uppsala Conflict Data Program in the last decade in managing such unclear cases. After explaining the difference between unclear and non-cases, I describe the data generating process and how this uncertainty is distributed over time in the data. This exercise reveals that the 1980s may have been more conflict-filled than the 1990s, challenging arguments about the stability of the bipolar global order as well as the sudden 'rise' of warfare in the immediate post-Cold War era. The final section suggests different ways that researchers may use existing information regarding unclear cases as a way to conceptualize the nature of civil strife without having to engage in additional data collection.

During violent conflict, governments may acknowledge their use of illegitimate violence (e.g., noncombatant casualties) even though such violence can depress civilian support. Why would they do so? We model the strategic incentives affecting government disclosures of illegitimate violence in the face of potential NGO investigations, where disclosures, investigations, and support are endogenous. We highlight implications for the analysis of conflict data generated from government and NGO reports and for the emergence of government transparency. Underreporting bias in government disclosures positively correlates with underreporting bias in NGO reports. Furthermore, governments exhibit greater underreporting bias relative to NGOs when NGOs face higher investigative costs. We also illustrate why it is difficult to estimate negative effects of illegitimate violence on support using government data: with large true effects, governments have incentives to conceal such violence, leading to strategic attenuation bias. Finally, there is a U-shaped relationship between NGO investigative costs and government payoffs.

Containing essays by some of the leading scholars in the field, this volume looks at the scientific study of the causes of international conflict.