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ABSTRACTThis study focuses upon changes in three computer‐related industries between 1974 and 1985. An attempt is made by means of entropy indices and shift‐share analysis to determine if diffusion in those industries conforms to the product‐cycle model. We employ primarily state‐level data derived from County Business Patterns and supplemented by US. Censuses of Manufacturing and Services. Our findings indicate that all the industries displayed substantial increases in employment and considerable dispersion, although by no means were the changes uniform. The hypothesis that the dispersion is following the product‐cycle model, that is, from core areas to peripheral regions, receives little support from this study. The model, however, should not be rejected out of hand, because all three industries studied have a duality in the size of firms that the data masks. This duality may affect the applicability of any model. Further attempts to explain the spatial distribution of any of these industries should begin with disintegrated data. Unfortunately such data are not presently easily attainable.

Supplement to: Examination guidelines for computer-related inventions / United States Patent and Trademark Office. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Cover -- Marketing in Healthcare-Related Industries -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Chapter 1: An Introduction to Marketing in Healthcare -- Chapter 2: Services Marketing as the Bedrock of Healthcare Marketing -- Chapter 3: The Evolving Societal and Healthcare Context -- Chapter 4: Public Sector Marketing in Healthcare -- Chapter 5: Strategic Planning in Healthcare Marketing -- Chapter 6: Managing Innovation in Healthcare Institutions -- Chapter 7: Healthcare Stakeholders -- Chapter 8: Consumer Behavior in Healthcare Service Encounters -- Chapter 9: Positioning Healthcare Services in Competitive Markets -- Chapter 10: Balancing Healthcare Service Demand and Capacity -- Chapter 11: Managing Relationships and Building Loyalty in Healthcare Industries -- Chapter 12: Marketing Tool Kit for Healthcare Managers -- About the Authors.

Computer models hold a continuing fascination for political scientists. Part of their attraction derives from being working miniatures like mechanical toys. They also hold the less enjoyable but more scientific promise of allowing something akin to laboratory experimentation—denied to political scientists in most circumstances because of cost or the nature of the subject matter.Spreadsheets are powerful tools for the construction of simple or complex models. At their core, spreadsheets are nothing more than cells arranged in columns and rows into which labels, numbers, or formulas can be placed. The numbers and formulas can be arranged in infinite variety, and in modern spreadsheets they are supplemented by such features as built-in formulas called functions, macro languages which are highly flexible programming environments, data query features, and graphics capabilities.Edith Stokey's and Richard Zeckhauser's clearly explained difference equation models lend themselves especially well to rendition on a spreadsheet (1978, 47–73). Stokey and Zeckhauser furnish the case of public housing units in a city deteriorating at the rate of 10% per year to the point of being uninhabitable. If 800 units per year are built, will the total number of public housing units reach an equilibrium and, if so, will it be stable?Such a problem is expressed in difference equation form as follows:Unitsn = Unitsn − 1 – .1* Unitsn − 1 + 800orUnitsn = .9 * Unitsn − 1 + 800The number of housing units in any year n equals .9 times the number of housing units in the previous year plus 800. The beginning of a spreadsheet solution to this problem is shown in Figure 1.

In India, sec. 3(k) of the Patents Act 1970 clearly excludes the patentability of computer programmes per se. For many years, the regime of computer-implemented inventions has been unclear, until the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks (the Indian homologous of the Intellectual Property Office) issued its Guidelines on the examination of computer-related inventions. Notably, this gave rise the civil society's protests; indeed, there was the fear that the government was surreptisciously allowing the patentability of computer programmes per se. Therefore, the guidelines have been withdrawn and recently a new version has been published. It openly reaffirms the exclusion of the software patents and introduces a three-step test to determine the applicability of sec. 3(k) of the Patents Act to computer-related inventions. This opinion focuses the new guidance, by placing it in the context of the leading role of India in the technological and social developments revolving around the Internet of Things.